Popkin C L
Highway Safety Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27514.
Accid Anal Prev. 1991 Feb;23(1):37-44. doi: 10.1016/0001-4575(91)90033-2.
Recent research indicates that women are drinking and driving more often and that the proportion of female drivers involved in fatal crashes is increasing. U.S. Fatal Accident Reporting System data (Fell 1987) suggest that although overall alcohol involvement rates in fatal crashes have been declining for the past four years, the rates for females aged 21-24 have not, and their alcohol involvement rate in late-night single vehicle (SV) crashes, a surrogate measure of alcohol-related (A/R) crashes, is almost as high as that of male drivers. This paper examines the involvement of North Carolina (NC) female drivers who are less than 35 years of age for the period of 1976 through 1985 and reports on trends in driver licensing, arrests for drinking and driving, SV nighttime and A/R crashes, and measured blood alcohol levels in fatalities. It identifies an emerging driving-while-impaired (DWI) problem for younger women, particularly those 21 to 24 years of age. Significant trends pertaining to the involvement of women will have implications for the design and implementation of educational, deterrence, enforcement, and rehabilitation programs.
近期研究表明，女性酒驾的情况越来越频繁，而且在致命车祸中涉及的女性司机比例正在上升。美国致命事故报告系统的数据（费尔，1987年）显示，尽管在过去四年中，致命车祸中总体酒精相关率一直在下降，但21至24岁女性的这一比率并未下降，而且她们在深夜单车事故（SV）中的酒精相关率，这是与酒精相关（A/R）车祸的一项替代指标，几乎与男性司机一样高。本文研究了1976年至1985年期间北卡罗来纳州（NC）年龄小于35岁的女性司机的情况，并报告了驾照发放、酒驾逮捕、SV夜间事故和A/R车祸以及致命事故中测得的血液酒精含量的趋势。它指出了年轻女性，尤其是21至24岁女性中新兴的酒后驾车（DWI）问题。与女性参与情况相关的显著趋势将对教育、威慑、执法和康复计划的设计与实施产生影响。
