Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA.
Inj Prev. 2010 Feb;16(1):17-20. doi: 10.1136/ip.2009.022301.
Young men have greater representation in fatal alcohol-related crashes. Recent studies of young women and risky behaviours have raised concerns about the implications this may have for alcohol-related fatal crashes. The objective of this study was to investigate the representation of young female drivers in US alcohol-involved fatal crashes (1995-2007) and to identify trends heralding future negative changes in crash profiles for young female drivers.
Fatal crash data were obtained from the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Fatal Analysis Reporting System (FARS). Five age groups were analysed. The FARS multiple imputation dataset was used to estimate the proportion of drivers with blood alcohol, and variance estimates were corrected for the procedure. Linear regression was used to measure trends (1995-2007).
179 891 fatal crashes in all age groups occurred over the study period. The rate of involvement in fatal crashes for young drivers with positive blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) decreased for men and women aged 16 years but increased for women age 19-24 years. Young female drivers had a greater increase than young men in the proportion of alcohol-involved fatal crashes (3.1%, 95% CI 1.9 to 4.3% vs 1.2%, 95% CI 0.2 to 2.1%, p=0.02). Most of the increase occurred in drivers with BAC >or=0.15 g/dl. Drivers with higher BAC had markedly lower safety restraint use. Over time restraint use increased in all BAC groups studied.
Alcohol-involved fatal crash rates in young female drivers aged 19-24 years have increased. However, male drivers continue to surpass women in the number of alcohol-involved fatal crashes. Restraint use decreases markedly with increasing BAC.
年轻人在与酒精相关的致命事故中所占比例更大。最近对年轻女性和危险行为的研究引起了人们对这可能对与酒精相关的致命事故产生影响的担忧。本研究的目的是调查美国年轻女性驾驶员在涉及酒精的致命事故中的代表性（1995-2007 年），并确定预示年轻女性驾驶员碰撞情况未来负面变化的趋势。
从美国国家公路交通安全管理局致命事故分析报告系统（FARS）中获得致命事故数据。分析了五个年龄组。使用 FARS 多次插补数据集来估计血液酒精含量的驾驶员比例，并对程序进行了方差估计修正。使用线性回归来衡量趋势（1995-2007 年）。
在整个研究期间，所有年龄组共发生了 179891 起致命事故。16 岁的男性和女性驾驶员因阳性血液酒精浓度（BAC）而卷入致命事故的比率下降，但 19-24 岁的女性驾驶员则上升。年轻女性驾驶员在涉及酒精的致命事故中的比例增幅大于年轻男性（3.1%，95%CI 1.9 至 4.3%比 1.2%，95%CI 0.2 至 2.1%，p=0.02）。大部分增加发生在 BAC>或=0.15 g/dl 的驾驶员中。BAC 较高的驾驶员安全带使用率明显较低。随着时间的推移，所有研究的 BAC 组的安全带使用率都有所增加。
19-24 岁年轻女性驾驶员涉及酒精的致命事故率有所上升。然而，男性驾驶员在涉及酒精的致命事故数量上仍超过女性。随着 BAC 的增加，安全带使用率明显下降。
