Deems D A, Doty R L, Settle R G, Moore-Gillon V, Shaman P, Mester A F, Kimmelman C P, Brightman V J, Snow J B
Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Human Communication, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1991 May;117(5):519-28. doi: 10.1001/archotol.1991.01870170065015.
Smell and taste disorders are common in the general population, yet little is known about their nature or cause. This article describes a study of 750 patients with complaints of abnormal smell or taste perception from the University of Pennsylvania Smell and Taste Center, Philadelphia. Major findings suggest that: chemosensory dysfunction influences quality of life; complaints of taste loss usually reflect loss of smell function; upper respiratory infection, head trauma, and chronic nasal and paranasal sinus disease are the most common causes of the diminution of the sense of smell, with head trauma having the greatest loss; depression frequently accompanies chemosensory distortion; low body weight accompanies burning mouth syndrome; estrogens protect against loss of the sense of smell in postmenopausal women; zinc therapy may provide no benefit to patients with chemosensory dysfunction; and thyroid hormone function is associated with oral sensory distortion. The findings are discussed in relation to management of patients with chemosensory disturbances.
嗅觉和味觉障碍在普通人群中很常见，但对其本质或病因却知之甚少。本文描述了一项对来自费城宾夕法尼亚大学嗅觉和味觉中心的750名抱怨嗅觉或味觉感知异常的患者的研究。主要研究结果表明：化学感觉功能障碍会影响生活质量；味觉丧失的抱怨通常反映嗅觉功能丧失；上呼吸道感染、头部外伤以及慢性鼻和鼻窦疾病是嗅觉减退最常见的原因，其中头部外伤导致的嗅觉丧失最为严重；抑郁症常伴随化学感觉扭曲；体重过轻伴随灼口综合征；雌激素可预防绝经后女性嗅觉丧失；锌疗法可能对化学感觉功能障碍患者无益处；甲状腺激素功能与口腔感觉扭曲有关。本文还讨论了这些研究结果与化学感觉障碍患者管理的关系。
