Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Apr;91(4):883-93. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28877. Epub 2010 Mar 10.
The overall consumption of trans fatty acids (TFAs) increases the risk of coronary artery disease. However, multiple TFA isomers exist, each with potentially different health effects. Different food sources of these specific TFA isomers are not well established.
Our objective was to determine the major independent food sources of specific TFA isomers.
We investigated relations of major potential food sources of TFAs, as assessed by serial food-frequency questionnaires, with 10 plasma phospholipid TFA isomers [5 trans (t-) 18:1, 3 t-18:2, and 2 t-16:1] in 3330 older adults in the Cardiovascular Health Study, a community-based multicenter cohort. Stepwise regression was used to identify independent major food sources of individual plasma phospholipid TFA isomers, which were adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors.
All 5 t-18:1 isomers were similarly associated with foods commonly made with partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (PHVOs), including biscuits (0.51 higher SD of total 18:1 fatty acid concentrations per serving/d, P < 0.01), chips and/or popcorn (0.33 higher SD per serving/d, P = 0.02), margarine (0.32 higher SD per serving/d, P < 0.001), fried foods (0.32 higher SD per serving/d, P = 0.04), and bakery foods (0.23 higher SD per serving/d, P = 0.02). Each of the t-18:2 isomers were associated only with bakery foods (0.50 higher SD of total 18:2 fatty acid concentrations per serving/d, P < 0.001). Ruminant foods were major correlates of t-16:1n-7, including red meats (0.72 higher SD per serving/d, P < 0.001), butter (0.43 higher SD per serving/d, P < 0.001), and higher-fat dairy (0.37 higher SD per serving/d, P < 0.001). In contrast, t-16:1n-9 were derived mainly from margarine (0.31 higher SD per serving/d, P < 0.001).
t-18:1 Isomers are similarly derived from multiple PHVO-containing foods. In contrast, t-18:2 and t-16:1n-9 isomers are derived from more-specific types of PHVO-containing foods. Ruminant foods are major sources of t-16:1n-7. Different TFA isomers and dietary sources should be considered when investigating health effects and interventions to lower TFAs.
反式脂肪酸（TFAs）的总摄入量增加了患冠状动脉疾病的风险。然而，存在多种反式脂肪酸异构体，每种异构体都可能具有不同的健康影响。特定反式脂肪酸异构体的不同食物来源尚未得到很好的确定。
我们的目的是确定特定反式脂肪酸异构体的主要独立食物来源。
我们通过连续的食物频率问卷调查了反式脂肪酸的主要潜在食物来源（如评估）与 3330 名老年人中 10 种血浆磷脂反式脂肪酸异构体[5 种（t-）18:1、3 t-18:2 和 2 t-16:1]之间的关系。心血管健康研究中的多中心队列。逐步回归用于确定个体血浆磷脂反式脂肪酸异构体的独立主要食物来源，这些来源经过调整，包括人口统计学、生活方式和饮食因素。
所有 5 种 t-18:1 异构体都与常用的部分氢化植物油（PHVOs）食品具有相似的相关性，包括饼干（每份/每天的总 18:1 脂肪酸浓度增加 0.51SD，P<0.01）、薯片和/或爆米花（每份/每天增加 0.33SD，P=0.02）、人造黄油（每份/每天增加 0.32SD，P<0.001）、油炸食品（每份/每天增加 0.32SD，P=0.04）和烘焙食品（每份/每天增加 0.23SD，P=0.02）。每种 t-18:2 异构体仅与烘焙食品相关（每份/每天的总 18:2 脂肪酸浓度增加 0.50SD，P<0.001）。反刍动物食品是 t-16:1n-7 的主要相关物，包括红肉（每份/每天增加 0.72SD，P<0.001）、黄油（每份/每天增加 0.43SD，P<0.001）和高脂肪乳制品（每份/每天增加 0.37SD，P<0.001）。相比之下，t-16:1n-9 主要来自人造黄油（每份/每天增加 0.31SD，P<0.001）。
t-18:1 异构体均源自多种含 PHVO 的食物。相比之下，t-18:2 和 t-16:1n-9 异构体源自更特定类型的含 PHVO 的食物。反刍动物食品是 t-16:1n-7 的主要来源。在研究降低 TFAs 的健康影响和干预措施时，应考虑不同的反式脂肪酸异构体和饮食来源。
