Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 May;91(5):1303-10. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28456. Epub 2010 Mar 10.
Elevated homocysteine concentrations are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and a decline in cognitive function. Intakes of choline and betaine, as methyl donors, may affect homocysteine concentrations.
The objective was to examine whether choline and betaine intakes, assessed from food-frequency questionnaires, are associated with total plasma homocysteine concentrations under both fasting and post-methionine-load conditions in both pre- and post-folic acid fortification periods in the United States.
We assessed the association between choline and betaine intakes and fasting and post-methionine-load homocysteine concentrations using the US Department of Agriculture revised food-composition tables and evaluated whether the associations varied by folic acid fortification periods in 1325 male and 1407 female participants in the sixth examination (1995-1998) of the Framingham Offspring Study.
A higher choline-plus-betaine intake was associated with lower concentrations of post-methionine-load homocysteine; the multivariate geometric means were 24.1 micromol/L (95% CI: 23.4, 24.9 micromol/L) in the top quintile of intake and 25.0 micromol/L (95% CI: 24.2, 25.7 micromol/L) in the bottom quintile (P for trend = 0.01). We found an inverse association between choline-plus-betaine intake and fasting homocysteine concentrations; the multivariate geometric mean fasting homocysteine concentrations were 9.6 micromol/L (95% CI: 9.3, 9.9 micromol/L) in the top quintile and 10.1 micromol/L (95% CI: 9.8, 10.4 micromol/L) in the bottom quintile (P for trend < 0.001). When we stratified by plasma folate and vitamin B-12 concentrations, the inverse association was limited to participants with low plasma folate or vitamin B-12 concentrations. In the postfortification period, the inverse association between choline-plus-betaine intake and either fasting or post-methionine-load homocysteine was no longer present.
Choline and betaine intakes were associated with both fasting and post-methionine-load total homocysteine concentrations, especially in participants with low folate and vitamin B-12 status. The inverse association between choline and betaine intakes and homocysteine concentrations was no longer present in the postfortification period.
同型半胱氨酸浓度升高与心血管疾病风险增加和认知功能下降有关。作为甲基供体的胆碱和甜菜碱的摄入量可能会影响同型半胱氨酸浓度。
本研究旨在检验在美国叶酸强化前后时期，通过食物频率问卷评估的胆碱和甜菜碱摄入量与空腹和蛋氨酸负荷后血浆同型半胱氨酸浓度之间的关系，以及这两者在空腹和蛋氨酸负荷后状态下的关系。
我们使用美国农业部修订后的食物成分表，评估了 1325 名男性和 1407 名女性参与者在弗雷明汉后代研究第六次检查（1995-1998 年）中胆碱和甜菜碱摄入量与空腹和蛋氨酸负荷后同型半胱氨酸浓度之间的关系，并评估了这些关联是否因叶酸强化时期的不同而有所不同。
较高的胆碱加甜菜碱摄入量与较低的蛋氨酸负荷后同型半胱氨酸浓度相关；摄入量最高五分位数的多变量几何平均值为 24.1μmol/L（95%CI：23.4，24.9μmol/L），最低五分位数为 25.0μmol/L（95%CI：24.2，25.7μmol/L）（趋势 P=0.01）。我们发现胆碱加甜菜碱摄入量与空腹同型半胱氨酸浓度之间存在负相关；摄入量最高五分位数的空腹同型半胱氨酸浓度为 9.6μmol/L（95%CI：9.3，9.9μmol/L），最低五分位数为 10.1μmol/L（95%CI：9.8，10.4μmol/L）（趋势 P<0.001）。当我们按血浆叶酸和维生素 B12 浓度进行分层时，这种负相关仅局限于血浆叶酸或维生素 B12 浓度较低的参与者。在强化后时期，胆碱加甜菜碱摄入量与空腹或蛋氨酸负荷后同型半胱氨酸之间的负相关不再存在。
胆碱和甜菜碱的摄入量与空腹和蛋氨酸负荷后的总同型半胱氨酸浓度有关，尤其是在叶酸和维生素 B12 状态较低的参与者中。在强化后时期，胆碱和甜菜碱摄入量与同型半胱氨酸浓度之间的负相关不再存在。
