Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
Institute for Children and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
Molecules. 2023 Jun 17;28(12):4824. doi: 10.3390/molecules28124824.
Betaine is a non-essential amino acid with proven functional properties and underutilized potential. The most common dietary sources of betaine are beets, spinach, and whole grains. Whole grains-such as quinoa, wheat and oat brans, brown rice, barley, etc.-are generally considered rich sources of betaine. This valuable compound has gained popularity as an ingredient in novel and functional foods due to the demonstrated health benefits that it may provide. This review study will provide an overview of the various natural sources of betaine, including different types of food products, and explore the potential of betaine as an innovative functional ingredient. It will thoroughly discuss its metabolic pathways and physiology, disease-preventing and health-promoting properties, and further highlight the extraction procedures and detection methods in different matrices. In addition, gaps in the existing scientific literature will be emphasized.
甜菜碱是一种非必需氨基酸，具有已证实的功能特性和未被充分利用的潜力。甜菜碱最常见的膳食来源是甜菜、菠菜和全谷物。全谷物，如藜麦、小麦和燕麦麸皮、糙米、大麦等，通常被认为是甜菜碱的丰富来源。由于其可能提供的健康益处，这种有价值的化合物已作为新型功能性食品的成分而受到欢迎。本综述研究将概述甜菜碱的各种天然来源，包括不同类型的食品，并探讨甜菜碱作为创新功能性成分的潜力。它将深入讨论其代谢途径和生理学、预防疾病和促进健康的特性，并进一步强调不同基质中的提取程序和检测方法。此外，还将强调现有科学文献中的空白。
