Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL Foundation), 03010 Alicante, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jul 20;17(14):5224. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17145224.
Ageing is associated with changes of physical and physiological parameters, but there is evidence that regular physical activity could minimize these effects. Additionally, the older population presents a great risk of suboptimal nutrition. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to review the evidence of nutritional strategies and endurance exercises in the older population.
A systematic review was performed based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. The search was carried out in three different databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus.
Eight studies were included in the present review. The use of caffeine and beta-alanine supplementation with proteins have been found to be beneficial in both sexes. In older women, a balanced diet, an increase in protein, supplementation with beta hydroxy methyl butyrate, and supplementation with sodium bicarbonate have been favorable. However, no benefit has been seen in older men with sodium bicarbonate or ubiquinone supplementation. Nevertheless, the use of supplements should be prescribed according to individual characteristics and physical activity.
Caffeine and high protein supplement with beta-alanine may provide positive effects in the older population. In addition, in older women, bicarbonate supplementation and beta-hydroxyethyl butyrate (HMB), lysine, and arginine supplementation have shown positive effects on exercise performance.
衰老与身体和生理参数的变化有关，但有证据表明，有规律的体育活动可以最大限度地减少这些影响。此外，老年人群存在营养不足的巨大风险。因此，本研究的目的是综述营养策略和耐力运动在老年人群中的证据。
根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）声明进行了系统评价。在三个不同的数据库中进行了搜索：PubMed、Web of Science 和 SPORTDiscus。
本综述纳入了 8 项研究。在两性中，发现咖啡因和β-丙氨酸与蛋白质一起补充是有益的。在老年女性中，均衡饮食、增加蛋白质、补充β-羟基甲基丁酸和补充碳酸氢钠是有利的。然而，在老年男性中，碳酸氢钠或泛醌补充并没有带来益处。然而，补充剂的使用应根据个体特征和身体活动来规定。
咖啡因和富含β-丙氨酸的高蛋白补充剂可能对老年人群有积极影响。此外，在老年女性中，碳酸氢盐补充剂和β-羟基乙基丁酸（HMB）、赖氨酸和精氨酸补充剂已显示出对运动表现的积极影响。
