Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Germany.
Psychol Med. 2011 Jan;41(1):185-94. doi: 10.1017/S0033291710000395. Epub 2010 Mar 18.
Current theories and nosology assume that the self-evaluation (SE) of individuals with eating disorders (EDs) is unduly influenced by body shape and weight. However, experimental data supporting this link are scarce, and it is not specified which subdomains of SE might be affected.
We studied patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and healthy controls (HC) with an affective priming (AP) procedure (Study 1) to unveil explicit and implicit associations between shape/weight and SE. We used weight/shape-related prime sentences, complemented by affectively congruent and incongruent target words from two SE domains. AP effects were assessed by event-related potentials (ERPs), reaction times (RTs) and subjective ratings. The ratings were also assessed (Study 2) in undergraduate restrained (RES) and unrestrained eaters (UNRES).
Study 1 demonstrated stronger AP effects in both ED groups compared to HC on RTs and subjective ratings. ERPs showed AP effects only in the BN group. Restrained eaters showed similar, albeit less pronounced, priming effects on subjective ratings.
ED patients associate shape/weight concerns with the non-appearance-related SE domains of interpersonal relationships and achievement/performance. These associations seem to be encoded deeper in BN patients relative to the other groups. Links between shape/weight and SE explain how body dissatisfaction impacts on self-esteem and mood in ED. The existence of similar associations in restrained eaters supports a continuum model according to which increasing associations between shape/weight and SE go along with increasing levels of ED symptoms.
目前的理论和分类学假设，进食障碍（ED）患者的自我评估（SE）受到体型和体重的不当影响。然而，支持这一联系的实验数据很少，并且没有具体说明哪些 SE 亚领域可能受到影响。
我们使用情感启动（AP）程序研究了神经性厌食症（AN）、神经性贪食症（BN）和健康对照组（HC）患者（研究 1），以揭示体型/体重与 SE 之间的显式和隐式关联。我们使用与体重/体型相关的启动句子，辅以来自 SE 两个领域的情感一致和不一致的目标词。通过事件相关电位（ERP）、反应时间（RT）和主观评分评估 AP 效应。在本科限制饮食者（RES）和非限制饮食者（UNRES）中也评估了评分（研究 2）。
研究 1 表明，与 HC 相比，ED 组在 RT 和主观评分上的 AP 效应更强。仅在 BN 组中观察到 ERP 的 AP 效应。限制饮食者在主观评分上表现出类似的、尽管不太明显的启动效应。
ED 患者将体型/体重问题与人际关系和成就/表现等非外观相关的 SE 领域联系起来。这些关联在 BN 患者中似乎比其他组更深入地编码。体型/体重与 SE 之间的联系解释了身体不满如何影响 ED 患者的自尊和情绪。在限制饮食者中存在类似的关联支持了一种连续模型，根据该模型，体型/体重与 SE 之间的关联程度增加与 ED 症状水平的增加相对应。
