鼻旁窦低级别腺性病变:聚焦综述

Low grade glandular lesions of the sinonasal tract: a focused review.

作者信息

Weinreb Ilan

机构信息

Department of Pathology, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.

出版信息

Head Neck Pathol. 2010 Mar;4(1):77-83. doi: 10.1007/s12105-009-0159-5. Epub 2010 Jan 7.

Abstract

The sinonasal tract is a complex anatomic site with an exhaustive list of possible diagnoses. While most biopsies or resections encountered routinely consist of common diagnoses such as inflammatory polyps and papillomas, occasional cases are more difficult, and separating reactive or benign from malignancy can be challenging. One of the most poorly understood and daunting categories is low grade glandular or tubular proliferations, particularly on small biopsies. Possible diagnoses such as reactive lesions, respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma (REAH), seromucinous (glandular) hamartoma (SH) and low grade sinonasal adenocarcinomas (LGSNAC) must be entertained. REAH is composed of respiratory epithelial lined submucosal glands with variable connection to the surface and periglandular hyalinization. SH is a tubular proliferation reminiscent of normal serous glands which may be associated with REAH. LGSNAC is a diverse group of bland tubular and/or papillary tumors, which have a recurrence potential but an as yet uncertain potential for metastasis or mortality. The management for these lesions can be vastly different and conservative management is preferable, making this distinction more than academic. However, complicating this category are controversies surrounding their nature as reactive lesions versus neoplasms, the histologic and immunohistochemical overlap, and possible precursor relationships between some of them.

摘要

鼻窦道是一个复杂的解剖部位,可能的诊断不胜枚举。虽然常规遇到的大多数活检或切除术包含诸如炎性息肉和乳头状瘤等常见诊断,但偶尔也会遇到更困难的病例,区分反应性或良性病变与恶性病变可能具有挑战性。最难以理解和令人畏惧的类别之一是低级别腺性或管状增生,尤其是在小活检标本中。必须考虑到诸如反应性病变、呼吸上皮性腺瘤样错构瘤(REAH)、浆液黏液性(腺性)错构瘤(SH)和低级别鼻窦腺癌(LGSNAC)等可能的诊断。REAH由呼吸道上皮内衬的黏膜下腺体组成,与表面的连接可变,且腺周有透明变性。SH是一种管状增生,让人联想到正常浆液腺,可能与REAH相关。LGSNAC是一组多样的温和管状和/或乳头状肿瘤,有复发潜力,但转移或致死潜力尚不确定。这些病变的处理方式可能大不相同,保守处理更为可取,因此这种区分不仅仅是学术性的。然而,使这一类别复杂化的是围绕它们作为反应性病变与肿瘤的性质、组织学和免疫组化重叠以及它们之间可能的前驱关系的争议。

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