Weindruch R, Albanes D, Kritchevsky D
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1991 Feb;5(1):79-89.
Studies in mice and rats show that caloric restriction (CR) without malnutrition lowers the incidence of most spontaneous and induced tumors and delays their onsets. The maximum life spans of rodents and other experimental animals (e.g., fish, spiders, water fleas) are extended by CR. The molecular events that underlie these outcomes remain unelucidated. Although epidemiologic studies have not usually examined the relationship between caloric intake and cancer incidence, recent findings suggest a positive association for certain cancers such as colorectal, breast, and stomach. It is apparent that future studies of diet and cancer in humans must seriously assess the role of calories and energy balance as well as their interaction with the effects of specific nutrients.
对小鼠和大鼠的研究表明，在不造成营养不良的情况下进行热量限制（CR）可降低大多数自发和诱发肿瘤的发生率，并延缓其发病。热量限制可延长啮齿动物和其他实验动物（如鱼类、蜘蛛、水蚤）的最大寿命。导致这些结果的分子机制仍未阐明。虽然流行病学研究通常未考察热量摄入与癌症发病率之间的关系，但最近的研究结果表明，热量摄入与某些癌症（如结直肠癌、乳腺癌和胃癌）之间存在正相关。显然，未来关于人类饮食与癌症的研究必须认真评估热量和能量平衡的作用，以及它们与特定营养素作用之间的相互影响。
