Whishaw I Q, Pellis S M, Gorny B P, Pellis V C
Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Alta., Canada.
Behav Brain Res. 1991 Jan 31;42(1):77-91. doi: 10.1016/s0166-4328(05)80042-7.
Reaching for food by rats, with the limb contralateral to limb area motor cortex damage, was analyzed using end-point scores, videoanalysis, and Eshkol-Wachmann Movement Notation (EWMN). End point results from groups of rats with small, medium, and large lesions showed reaching success and amount of food grasped per reach decreased with increases in lesion size. Videoanalysis and EWMN showed that the impairments were attributable to: (1) an inability to pronate the paw over the food by abduction of the upper arm, and (2) an inability to supinate the paw at the wrist to orient the food to the mouth. There were no obvious impairments in locating food using olfaction, in positioning the body in order to initiate a reach, or in clasping the digits to grasp food. There were only mild impairments in lifting, aiming, and advancing the limb. In rats with medium and large lesions, loss of pronation and supination were compensated for by a variety of whole body movements. These findings are discussed in reference to neural and behavioral mechanisms underlying recovery of function and the contribution of the motor cortex to skilled movements in the rat and other species.
通过终点评分、视频分析和埃什科尔-瓦赫曼运动符号法（EWMN），对运动皮层肢体区域损伤对侧肢体的大鼠取食行为进行了分析。小、中、大损伤组大鼠的终点结果显示，随着损伤大小的增加，取食成功率和每次取食抓取的食物量均下降。视频分析和EWMN显示，这些损伤归因于：（1）无法通过上臂外展将爪子旋前到食物上方，以及（2）无法在腕关节处将爪子旋后以将食物对准嘴巴。在利用嗅觉定位食物、为开始取食而调整身体位置或通过手指紧握抓取食物方面，没有明显损伤。在抬起、瞄准和推进肢体方面只有轻微损伤。在中、大损伤的大鼠中，旋前和旋后的丧失通过各种全身运动得到了补偿。结合功能恢复的神经和行为机制以及运动皮层对大鼠和其他物种熟练运动的贡献，对这些发现进行了讨论。
