Archer J
School of Psychology, Lancashire Polytechnic, Preston, UK.
Br J Psychol. 1991 Feb;82 ( Pt 1):1-28. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1991.tb02379.x.
Animal studies show clear evidence for a causal link between testosterone and aggression. This review assesses studies involving androgens, principally testosterone, and human aggression. Evidence for a possible effect of prenatal androgens is inconclusive. In adults, higher testosterone levels are found in groups selected for high levels of aggressiveness. Correlations between testosterone and aggression were low when hostility inventories were used, but higher (r = .38) when aggressiveness was rated by others. Regression analysis data and studies of boys at puberty were inconclusive. Other studies show that the outcome of aggressive and competitive encounters can alter testosterone levels, thus confounding interpretation of the correlational evidence. The design of future studies to reveal evidence of a causal link is considered. Suggestions concerning two important methodological problems, the experimental manipulation of hormone levels and the nature of the dependent variable, are made.
动物研究表明，有明确证据证明睾酮与攻击性之间存在因果联系。本综述评估了涉及雄激素（主要是睾酮）与人类攻击性的研究。关于产前雄激素可能产生影响的证据尚无定论。在成年人中，在因攻击性水平高而被挑选出的群体中发现睾酮水平较高。当使用敌意量表时，睾酮与攻击性之间的相关性较低，但当由他人对攻击性进行评级时，相关性较高（r = 0.38）。回归分析数据以及对青春期男孩的研究尚无定论。其他研究表明，攻击性和竞争性遭遇的结果会改变睾酮水平，从而使对相关证据的解释变得复杂。本文考虑了未来研究的设计，以揭示因果联系的证据。针对两个重要的方法学问题提出了建议，即激素水平的实验性操纵以及因变量的性质。
