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1
Maternal nativity status and birth outcomes in Asian immigrants.母亲出生地状况与亚洲移民的生育结果。
J Immigr Minor Health. 2010 Oct;12(5):798-805. doi: 10.1007/s10903-008-9215-6. Epub 2008 Dec 14.
2
Comparison of gestational age at birth based on last menstrual period and ultrasound during the first trimester.基于末次月经和孕早期超声检查的出生孕周比较。
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2008 Nov;22(6):587-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2008.00965.x.
3
Infant mortality statistics from the 2005 period linked birth/infant death data set.2005年期间与出生/婴儿死亡数据集相关联的婴儿死亡率统计数据。
Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2008 Jul 30;57(2):1-32.
4
Prenatal smoking prevalence ascertained from two population-based data sources: birth certificates and PRAMS questionnaires, 2004.2004年，通过两个基于人群的数据源（出生证明和妊娠风险评估监测系统调查问卷）确定的产前吸烟流行率。
Public Health Rep. 2008 Sep-Oct;123(5):586-92. doi: 10.1177/003335490812300508.
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Perinatal outcomes among foreign-born and US-born Chinese Americans, 1995-2000.1995-2000 年期间，出生于中国的美籍人士和美国本土出生的美籍华裔之间的围产儿结局。
J Immigr Minor Health. 2010 Jun;12(3):282-9. doi: 10.1007/s10903-008-9191-x. Epub 2008 Sep 30.
6
Perinatal outcomes among different Asian-American subgroups.不同亚裔美国人群体的围产期结局。
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Oct;199(4):382.e1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.06.073. Epub 2008 Aug 23.
7
Race, racism, and racial disparities in adverse birth outcomes.种族、种族主义以及不良出生结局中的种族差异。
Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Jun;51(2):360-70. doi: 10.1097/GRF.0b013e31816f28de.
8
A comparison of LMP-based and ultrasound-based estimates of gestational age using linked California livebirth and prenatal screening records.利用加利福尼亚州关联的出生记录和产前筛查记录，比较基于末次月经（LMP）和基于超声的孕周估计值。
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2007 Sep;21 Suppl 2:62-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2007.00862.x.
9
Heterogeneity within Asian subgroups: a comparison of birthweight between infants of US and non-US born Asian Indian and Chinese mothers.亚洲亚组内的异质性：美国出生与非美国出生的亚洲印度裔和华裔母亲所生婴儿出生体重的比较。
Matern Child Health J. 2008 Sep;12(5):549-56. doi: 10.1007/s10995-007-0270-8. Epub 2007 Aug 12.
10
A nationwide study of discrimination and chronic health conditions among Asian Americans.一项关于亚裔美国人歧视与慢性健康状况的全国性研究。
Am J Public Health. 2007 Jul;97(7):1275-82. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2006.091827. Epub 2007 May 30.

亚洲、夏威夷原住民和其他太平洋岛民的单种族/民族和多种族/民族母亲的围产期结局：加利福尼亚州和夏威夷州，2003-2005 年。

Perinatal outcomes for Asian, Native Hawaiian, and other Pacific Islander mothers of single and multiple race/ethnicity: California and Hawaii, 2003-2005.

机构信息

Office of Analysis & Epidemiology, National Center for Health Statistics, 3311 Toledo Road, Room 6103, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA.

出版信息

Am J Public Health. 2010 May;100(5):877-87. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.177345. Epub 2010 Mar 18.

DOI:10.2105/AJPH.2009.177345
PMID:20299645
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2853636/
Abstract

OBJECTIVES

We examined characteristics and birth outcomes of Asian/Pacific Islander (API) mothers to determine whether differences in outcomes existed between mothers of single race/ethnicity and multiple race/ethnicity.

METHODS

We used data from California and Hawaii birth certificates from 2003 through 2005 to describe variation in birth outcomes for API subgroups by self-reported maternal race/ethnicity (single versus multiple race or API subgroup), and we also compared these outcomes to those of non-Hispanic White women.

RESULTS

Low birthweight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB) varied more among API subgroups than between mothers of single versus multiple race/ethnicity. After adjustment for sociodemographic and behavioral risk factors, API mothers of multiple race/ethnicity had outcomes similar to mothers of single race/ethnicity, with exceptions for multiple-race/ethnicity Chinese (higher PTB), Filipino (lower LBW and PTB), and Thai (higher LBW) subgroups. Compared with single-race non-Hispanic Whites, adverse outcomes were elevated for most API subgroups: only single-race/ethnicity Korean mothers had lower rates of both LBW (3.4%) and PTB (5.6%); single-race/ethnicity Cambodian, Laotian, and Marshallese mothers had the highest rates of both LBW (8.8%, 9.2%, and 8.4%, respectively) and PTB (14.0%, 13.7%, and 18.8%, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

Strategies to improve birth outcomes for API mothers should consider variations in risk by API subgroup and multiple race/ethnicity.

摘要

目的

我们研究了亚裔/太平洋岛民（API）母亲的特征和生育结局，以确定单一种族/民族和多种族/民族母亲的结局是否存在差异。

方法

我们使用了 2003 年至 2005 年加利福尼亚州和夏威夷州出生证明的数据，按自我报告的母亲种族/民族（单一种族/民族与多种族/民族或 API 亚组）描述 API 亚组的生育结局差异，并且我们还将这些结果与非西班牙裔白人妇女的结果进行了比较。

结果

低出生体重（LBW）和早产（PTB）在 API 亚组之间的差异大于单一种族/民族母亲之间的差异。在调整了社会人口统计学和行为危险因素后，多种族/民族的 API 母亲的结局与单一种族/民族的母亲相似，但多种族/民族的中国（PTB 较高）、菲律宾（LBW 和 PTB 较低）和泰国（LBW 较高）亚组除外。与单一种族非西班牙裔白人相比，大多数 API 亚组的不良结局都有所升高：只有单一种族/民族的韩国母亲的 LBW（3.4%）和 PTB（5.6%）发生率较低；单一种族/民族的柬埔寨、老挝和马绍尔群岛母亲的 LBW（分别为 8.8%、9.2%和 8.4%）和 PTB（分别为 14.0%、13.7%和 18.8%）发生率最高。

结论

改善 API 母亲生育结局的策略应考虑 API 亚组和多种族/民族的风险差异。