Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology Unit, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy.
Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2010 Apr;11(6):969-81. doi: 10.1517/14656561003694643.
Ocular allergic diseases are characterized by specific activation of conjunctival mast cells with subsequent release of preformed and newly formed mediators. Mast cells are thus the first therapeutic target of ocular anti-allergic treatments.
In this review, a Medline literature search was conducted on conjunctival mast cells, their role in ocular allergy and mast cell stabilization by ocular anti-allergic compounds.
Olopatadine hydrochloride, a mast cell stabilizer and histamine receptor antagonist, has been shown to inhibit mast cell activation in an in vitro model of human mast cell culture, reducing histamine and TNF-alpha release and upregulating proinflammatory mediators in conjunctival epithelial cells. In the in vivo conjunctival allergen challenge (CAC) model in allergic subjects, combined with objective evaluations of tear mediators and cytology, olopatadine reduced histamine tear levels and all aspects of allergic inflammation, confirming the positive clinical effects observed in active allergic patients.
Mast cells play a central role in the pathogenesis of ocular allergy. The CAC model is ideal for assessing the mast cell stabilizing effects of anti-allergic compounds. This review of clinical studies demonstrates the superiority of olopatadine compared with other topical allergic drugs.
眼部过敏疾病的特点是特定的结膜肥大细胞的激活，随后释放预先形成的和新形成的介质。肥大细胞因此是眼部抗过敏治疗的第一个治疗靶点。
在这篇综述中，对结膜肥大细胞进行了 Medline 文献检索，以及它们在眼部过敏中的作用和眼部抗过敏化合物对肥大细胞的稳定作用。
盐酸奥洛他定是一种肥大细胞稳定剂和组胺受体拮抗剂，已被证明可抑制体外人肥大细胞培养模型中的肥大细胞激活，减少组胺和 TNF-α 的释放，并在上皮细胞中上调促炎介质。在过敏受试者的体内结膜变应原挑战 (CAC) 模型中，结合对泪液介质和细胞学的客观评估，奥洛他定可降低组胺的泪液水平和过敏炎症的各个方面，证实了在活跃过敏患者中观察到的积极临床效果。
肥大细胞在眼部过敏发病机制中起核心作用。CAC 模型是评估抗过敏化合物稳定肥大细胞作用的理想模型。对临床研究的综述表明，奥洛他定优于其他局部过敏药物。
