Ackerman Stacey, Smith Lisa M, Gomes Paulo J
Philadelphia Eye Associates, 1113 Hospital Drive, Suite 302, Willingboro, NJ 08046, USA.
Ora, Inc. Andover, MA, USA.
Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2016 Jan;7(1):52-67. doi: 10.1177/2040622315612745.
Allergic conjunctivitis is one of the most common allergic conditions worldwide. Its incidence is increasing due to changing climate, pollution, increased pollen loads, and the subject's heightened immunological sensitivity in response to these environmental changes. The pathophysiology predominantly involves immunoglobulin E-related mast-cell activation, with release of histamine and other mediators contributing to the propagation of the response by calling in other immune cells and further inflammation. This article presents the evolution of ocular allergy treatments, from vasoconstrictors, to antihistamines and mast-cell stabilizers, to the dual-acting agents, as well as corticosteroid and immunomodulatory options. Future targets for allergy treatment are also discussed.
过敏性结膜炎是全球最常见的过敏病症之一。由于气候变化、污染、花粉量增加以及个体对这些环境变化的免疫敏感性增强，其发病率正在上升。病理生理学主要涉及免疫球蛋白E相关的肥大细胞活化，组胺和其他介质的释放通过召集其他免疫细胞和进一步炎症反应促进了反应的传播。本文介绍了眼部过敏治疗方法的演变，从血管收缩剂到抗组胺药和肥大细胞稳定剂，再到双效药物，以及皮质类固醇和免疫调节选择。还讨论了过敏治疗的未来靶点。
