Miguel Maria Graça, Cruz Cláudia, Faleiro Leonor, Simões Mariana T F, Figueiredo Ana Cristina, Barroso José G, Pedro Luis G
Universidade do Algarve, Faculdade de Engenharia e Recursos Naturais, Centro de Desenvolvimento de Ciências e Técnicas de Produção Vegetal, Campus de Gambelas 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
Nat Prod Commun. 2010 Feb;5(2):319-28.
The essential oils from Foeniculum vulgare commercial aerial parts and fruits were isolated by hydrodistillation, with different distillation times (30 min, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h), and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The antioxidant ability was estimated using four distinct methods. Antibacterial activity was determined by the agar diffusion method. Remarkable differences, and worrying from the quality and safety point of view, were detected in the essential oils. trans-Anethole (31-36%), alpha-pinene (14-20%) and limonene (11-13%) were the main components of the essentials oil isolated from F. vulgare dried aerial parts, whereas methyl chavicol (= estragole) (79-88%) was dominant in the fruit oils. With the DPPH method the plant oils showed better antioxidant activity than the fruits oils. With the TBARS method and at higher concentrations, fennel essential oils showed a pro-oxidant activity. None of the oils showed a hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity > 50%, but they showed an ability to inhibit 5-lipoxygenase. The essential oils showed a very low antimicrobial activity. In general, the essential oils isolated during 2 h were as effective, from the biological activity point of view, as those isolated during 3 h.
通过水蒸馏法从商品茴香地上部分和果实中分离出挥发油，蒸馏时间不同（30分钟、1小时、2小时和3小时），并通过气相色谱（GC）和气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）进行分析。使用四种不同方法评估抗氧化能力。通过琼脂扩散法测定抗菌活性。在挥发油中检测到显著差异，从质量和安全角度来看令人担忧。反式茴香脑（31%-36%）、α-蒎烯（14%-20%）和柠檬烯（11%-13%）是从茴香干燥地上部分分离出的挥发油的主要成分，而甲基丁香酚（=草蒿脑）（79%-88%）在果实挥发油中占主导地位。采用DPPH法时，植物油的抗氧化活性优于果实油。采用硫代巴比妥酸反应物（TBARS）法且在较高浓度下，茴芹挥发油表现出促氧化活性。没有一种油的羟自由基清除能力>50%，但它们表现出抑制5-脂氧合酶的能力。挥发油的抗菌活性非常低。一般来说，从生物活性角度来看，2小时内分离出的挥发油与3小时内分离出的挥发油效果相同。
