Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Psychol Med. 2011 Jan;41(1):97-105. doi: 10.1017/S0033291710000462. Epub 2010 Mar 25.
Etiological theory and prior research with small or selected samples suggest that interpersonal violence clusters in families. However, the strength and pattern of this aggregation remains mostly unknown.
We investigated all convictions for violent crime in Sweden 1973-2004 among more than 12.5 million individuals in the nationwide Multi-Generation Register, and compared rates of violent convictions among relatives of violent individuals with relatives of matched, non-violent controls, using a nested case-control design.
We found strong familial aggregation of interpersonal violence among first-degree relatives [e.g. odds ratio (OR)sibling 4.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.2-4.3], lower for more distant relatives (e.g. OR cousin 1.9, 95% CI 1.9-1.9). Risk patterns across biological and adoptive relations provided evidence for both genetic and environmental influences on the development of violent behavior. Familial risks were stronger among women, in higher socio-economic strata, and for early onset interpersonal violence. There were crime-specific effects (e.g. OR sibling for arson 22.4, 95% CI 12.2-41.2), suggesting both general and subtype-specific familial risk factors for violent behavior.
The observed familiality should be accounted for in criminological research, applied violence risk assessment, and prevention efforts.
病因理论和针对小样本或特定样本的先前研究表明，人际暴力在家庭中呈聚集现象。然而，这种聚集的强度和模式在很大程度上仍然未知。
我们在全国多代登记处调查了 1973-2004 年瑞典 1250 多万个人的所有暴力犯罪定罪情况，并使用嵌套病例对照设计，将暴力个体的亲属与匹配的非暴力对照个体的亲属的暴力定罪率进行了比较。
我们发现一级亲属（例如兄弟姐妹 4.3，95%置信区间[CI] 4.2-4.3）之间存在强烈的人际暴力家族聚集，而远亲（例如表亲 1.9，95%CI 1.9-1.9）的聚集程度较低。跨生物和收养关系的风险模式为暴力行为的发展提供了遗传和环境影响的证据。在女性、社会经济地位较高的人群以及人际暴力早期发病的人群中，家族风险更高。存在特定犯罪的影响（例如纵火的兄弟姐妹 22.4，95%CI 12.2-41.2），这表明暴力行为存在一般和亚型特异性的家族风险因素。
在犯罪学研究、应用暴力风险评估和预防工作中，应考虑到观察到的家族性。
