Institute of Hygiene and Clinical Epidemiology Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Udine, Udine, Italy.
Sleep. 2010 Mar;33(3):349-54. doi: 10.1093/sleep/33.3.349.
Sleepiness, prolonged wakefulness, and extended work hours have been associated with increased risk of injuries and road accidents. The authors' objective was to study the relation between those factors and road accidents using a case-crossover design, effective in estimating the risk of acute events associated with transient, short effect exposures.
Five hundred seventy-four injured drivers presenting for care after road accidents to the Emergency Room of Udine, Italy, were enrolled in the study from March 2007 to March 2008. Sleep, work, and driving patterns in the 48 h before the accident were assessed through an interview.
The relative risk (RR) of accident associated with each exposure was estimated using the case-crossover matched pair interval approach. Sleeping > or = 11 h daily was associated with a decrease of the RR, as was sleeping less than usual. Being awake > or = 16 h and, possibly, working > 12 h daily were associated with increases in the RR.
Extended work hours and prolonged wakefulness increase the risk of road accidents and suggest that awareness should be raised among drivers. The findings regarding acute sleep amount are less clear, possibly due to an effect of chronic sleep loss.
困倦、长时间保持清醒和延长工作时间与受伤和道路事故风险增加有关。作者的目的是使用病例交叉设计研究这些因素与道路事故之间的关系，该设计有效地估计了与短暂、短期暴露相关的急性事件的风险。
2007 年 3 月至 2008 年 3 月，意大利乌迪内急诊室收治的 574 名受伤驾驶员参加了这项研究。通过访谈评估事故前 48 小时的睡眠、工作和驾驶模式。
使用病例交叉匹配对间隔方法估计每种暴露的事故相对风险 (RR)。每天睡眠时间≥11 小时与 RR 降低有关，睡眠时间少于平时也与 RR 降低有关。清醒时间≥16 小时，可能每天工作时间超过 12 小时，与 RR 增加有关。
延长工作时间和长时间保持清醒会增加道路事故的风险，这表明应提高驾驶员的意识。关于急性睡眠时间的发现不太明确，可能是由于慢性睡眠不足的影响。
