Center for Studies of Sensory Impairment, Aging and Metabolism (CeSSIAM), Guatemala City, Guatemala, Miami, FL 33102-5339, USA.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2010 Aug;23(4):382-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-277X.2010.01056.x. Epub 2010 Mar 23.
The positive deviance (PD) approach seeks to devise and promote health-promoting practices identified within the most successful member of a society. The World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) recommendations indicate the need for specific dietary behaviours, which may be considered impractical. Thus, it is important to demonstrate ways in which these dietary practices have been achieved from concordant individuals. The present study aimed to assess the feasibility of constructing healthy eating guides in four international settings.
Adult participants from the Netherlands (n = 1052), Scotland (n = 849), Mexico (n = 790) and Guatemala (n = 873) enrolled in an international diet survey project. Participants with inadequate diets and current smokers were excluded from the analysis. Concordance with selected WCRF/AICR individual guideline components related to diet and lifestyle were evaluated. A selection of participants was made towards making a set of 14 rotating menus for a cancer-prevention healthy-eating guide.
Overall concordance with the WCRF/AICR recommendations was low in all four nations and no participants with an ideal behaviour were found. The selection of candidates for constructing 14 daily menus for a single national guide identified 51, 13 and 12 individuals concordant with 11 of 14 WCRF/AICR recommendation components in Guatemala, Scotland and Mexico, respectively, and 24 individuals concordant with eight of 14 WCRF/AICR components in the Netherlands.
The basis for PD guidance for developing dietary recommendations for cancer prevention was strong across all social classes in Guatemala, marginal for Mexico and Scotland, and effectively impossible for the Netherlands.
正向偏离（PD）方法旨在设计和推广社会中最成功成员所采用的促进健康的实践。世界癌症研究基金会和美国癌症研究所（WCRF/AICR）的建议表明需要特定的饮食行为，这些行为可能被认为不切实际。因此，重要的是要展示从一致的个体中实现这些饮食实践的方法。本研究旨在评估在四个国际环境中构建健康饮食指南的可行性。
来自荷兰（n = 1052）、苏格兰（n = 849）、墨西哥（n = 790）和危地马拉（n = 873）的成年参与者参加了一项国际饮食调查项目。不符合饮食要求和当前吸烟者的参与者被排除在分析之外。评估了与饮食和生活方式相关的选定 WCRF/AICR 个体指南成分的一致性。选择了一部分参与者来制定一套用于预防癌症的健康饮食指南的 14 份旋转菜单。
在所有四个国家，总体上与 WCRF/AICR 建议的一致性都很低，并且没有发现具有理想行为的参与者。为构建单一国家指南的 14 份日常菜单选择的候选人，在危地马拉、苏格兰和墨西哥，分别有 51、13 和 12 名参与者与 WCRF/AICR 建议的 14 项建议中的 11 项一致，而在荷兰，有 24 名参与者与 WCRF/AICR 的 14 项建议中的 8 项一致。
在危地马拉，所有社会阶层都为制定预防癌症的饮食建议提供了 PD 指导的基础，在墨西哥和苏格兰则是边缘的，而在荷兰则是有效的不可能。
