Post Robert E, Mainous Arch G, Diaz Vanessa A, Matheson Eric M, Everett Charles J
Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 295 Calhoun Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2010 Apr;110(4):628-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2009.12.015.
Dietary modifications are common treatment strategies for patients with various chronic diseases, but it is unclear how often these individuals read food labels. The objective of this study was to determine whether patients with chronic disease who are advised to change their eating habits read nutrition labels more than patients who have not been so advised, and whether that impacts their energy and nutrient intake. Analysis of the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of the United States population, was performed. Adults (20 years of age or older) who participated in the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and who had type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and/or hyperlipidemia were included for analysis. There were 3,748 unweighted participants, which represents 170,958,166 in the US population. Proportions of patients with chronic disease who read nutrition labels were compared by chi(2) analysis, mean values of various components of their diet were compared by the two-sample independent t test, and odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were determined by logistic regression. Among patients with chronic disease, the odds of reading food labels when told by their doctor or another health professional to reduce calories or weight was 50% higher than in those without physician intervention (odds ratio=1.50, 95% confidence interval: 1.12 to 2.00). Those who read food labels consumed less energy, saturated fat, carbohydrates, and sugar, and more fiber than those who did not. These findings point to the value of dietary counseling in chronic disease management.
饮食调整是各类慢性病患者常见的治疗策略，但尚不清楚这些人阅读食品标签的频率如何。本研究的目的是确定被建议改变饮食习惯的慢性病患者是否比未得到此类建议的患者更多地阅读营养标签，以及这是否会影响他们的能量和营养摄入。我们对2005 - 2006年美国国家健康和营养检查调查进行了分析，该调查是一项具有全国代表性的美国人口横断面调查。纳入分析的是参加了2005 - 2006年美国国家健康和营养检查调查且患有2型糖尿病、高血压和/或高脂血症的成年人（20岁及以上）。共有3748名未加权的参与者，在美国人口中代表1.70958166亿人。通过卡方分析比较了阅读营养标签的慢性病患者比例，通过两样本独立t检验比较了他们饮食中各种成分的平均值，并通过逻辑回归确定了优势比和95%置信区间。在慢性病患者中，当医生或其他健康专业人员告知其减少热量或体重时，阅读食品标签的几率比未接受医生干预的患者高50%（优势比 = 1.50，95%置信区间：1.12至2.00）。阅读食品标签的人比不阅读的人摄入的能量、饱和脂肪、碳水化合物和糖更少，而膳食纤维更多。这些发现表明了饮食咨询在慢性病管理中的价值。
