College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60302, USA.
J Clin Nurs. 2010 Jun;19(11-12):1695-706. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.03081.x. Epub 2010 Mar 16.
This study compared three different types of primary caregiver in divorced families: father, mother and grandparent(s) and aimed to (1) compare adolescents' perception of their level of adjustment and family resilience and (2) identify the family resilience predictors of adolescents' adjustment.
The Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation guided this study.
Survey.
Adolescents in divorced families in Korea (n = 178) completed self-administered questionnaires. Family resilience was measured by Family Hardiness Index, Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scale, Parent-Adolescent Communication Inventory, Social Support Appraisal Scale, Belief about Parental Divorce and Self-Esteem Scale. Korean-Child Behaviour Checklist was used to assess adolescents' adjustment. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, anova, ancova and multiple regression analysis were used for data analysis.
The level of adolescents' adjustment was not statistically different among the three groups. However, statistically significant differences were found in family hardiness, family communication and problem-solving/coping skill-seeking help among the family resilience measurements. Adolescents living with mothers reported the highest scores in family hardiness and family communication. The grandparent(s) group sought and accepted help outside of the family more often than did the other groups. Regardless of the types of primary caregiver, a common significant predictor for adolescents' adjustment was their positive belief about parental divorce; whereas high self-esteem and low level of seeking help were additional predictors for the father group and grandparent(s) group, respectively.
Adolescents' belief about parental divorce is a major predictor for adolescents' adjustment to divorced family life. Nursing services that maximise the family resilience predictors found in this study would enhance adolescents' adjustment in divorced families.
This study provides empirical evidence for nursing care of adolescents who live with differing primary caregivers in divorced families and enhances nurses' understanding of family resilience predictors that influence adolescents' adjustment in divorced families.
本研究比较了离婚家庭中三种不同类型的主要照顾者：父亲、母亲和（外）祖父母，并旨在：（1）比较青少年对其适应水平和家庭恢复力的感知；（2）确定青少年适应的家庭恢复力预测因素。
本研究以家庭压力、适应和适应的恢复力模型为指导。
调查。
韩国离婚家庭的青少年（n=178）完成了自我管理的问卷。家庭恢复力通过家庭坚韧度指数、家庭危机导向个人评估量表、父母-青少年沟通量表、社会支持评估量表、对父母离婚的信念和自尊量表来衡量。韩国儿童行为检查表用于评估青少年的适应情况。采用描述性统计、卡方检验、方差分析、协方差分析和多元回归分析进行数据分析。
青少年的适应水平在三组之间没有统计学差异。然而，在家庭坚韧度、家庭沟通和问题解决/寻求帮助方面的家庭恢复力测量中，存在统计学显著差异。与母亲一起生活的青少年在家庭坚韧度和家庭沟通方面的得分最高。（外）祖父母组比其他组更经常在家庭之外寻求和接受帮助。无论主要照顾者的类型如何，青少年对父母离婚的积极信念是他们适应离婚家庭生活的一个主要预测因素；而高自尊和低寻求帮助水平分别是父亲组和（外）祖父母组的额外预测因素。
青少年对父母离婚的信念是青少年适应离婚家庭生活的主要预测因素。最大限度地发挥本研究中发现的家庭恢复力预测因素的护理服务将增强青少年在离婚家庭中的适应能力。
本研究为与不同主要照顾者一起生活的离婚家庭中的青少年提供了护理的实证依据，并增强了护士对影响离婚家庭中青少年适应的家庭恢复力预测因素的理解。
