Third Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical School, University of Athens, 'KAT' Accident's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
J Cell Mol Med. 2010 Nov;14(11):2561-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01062.x.
Several conditions in clinical orthopaedic practice can lead to the development of a diaphyseal segmental bone defect, which cannot heal without intervention. Segmental bone defects have been traditionally treated with bone grafting and/or distraction osteogenesis, methods that have many advantages, but also major drawbacks, such as limited availability, risk of disease transmission and prolonged treatment. In order to overcome such limitations, biological treatments have been developed based on specific pathways of bone physiology and healing. Bone tissue engineering is a dynamic field of research, combining osteogenic cells, osteoinductive factors, such as bone morphogenetic proteins, and scaffolds with osteoconductive and osteoinductive attributes, to produce constructs that could be used as bone graft substitutes for the treatment of segmental bone defects. Scaffolds are usually made of ceramic or polymeric biomaterials, or combinations of both in composite materials. The purpose of the present review is to discuss in detail the molecular and cellular basis for the development of bone tissue engineering constructs.
临床骨科实践中的几种情况可能导致骨干节段性骨缺损的发生，如果不进行干预，这种骨缺损无法自行愈合。传统上，节段性骨缺损采用植骨和/或牵张成骨治疗，这些方法有很多优点，但也有主要缺点，如供体有限、疾病传播风险和治疗时间延长。为了克服这些限制，已经基于骨生理学和愈合的特定途径开发了生物治疗方法。骨组织工程是一个充满活力的研究领域，它将成骨细胞、骨诱导因子（如骨形成蛋白）和具有骨传导和骨诱导特性的支架结合在一起，以生成可作为骨移植替代物用于治疗节段性骨缺损的构建体。支架通常由陶瓷或聚合物生物材料制成，或在复合材料中组合使用这两种材料。本综述的目的是详细讨论骨组织工程构建体的分子和细胞基础。
