University of Kansas School of Medicine, Prairie Village, KS 66208-3444, USA.
Am J Ophthalmol. 2010 Apr;149(4):543-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2009.11.028.
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation can cause phototoxic macular injuries in young people who have been sunbathing but not sungazing and in welders. Welders have a reportedly increased risk of uveal melanoma. We analyze phakic and pseudophakic risks for solar and welding arc UV-B exposure.
Optical radiation measurement, analysis, and perspective.
Spectral transmittances were measured for UV-transmitting, UV-blocking, and blue-blocking intraocular lenses (IOLs). The photoprotective performances of crystalline and intraocular lenses were analyzed using relevant epidemiologic and laboratory data and action spectra for acute retinal phototoxicity and melanoma photocarcinogenesis.
Crystalline lens UV-B retinal protection is deficient in children and young adults, increasing their potential susceptibility to acute retinal phototoxicity and hypothetical photomelanomagenesis. UV-B radiation has sufficient energy/photon to induce primary melanomagenic DNA lesions, unlike blue light or UV-A radiation. UV-blocking and blue-blocking IOLs have negligible UV-B transmittance. UV-transmitting IOL transmittance of UV-B radiation is equivalent to that of a 15-year-old crystalline lens.
If optical radiation exposure is responsible for welders' increased risk of uveal melanoma, then UV-B radiation is the most probable causative agent and spectacle wear is a potential confounding factor in epidemiologic studies of ocular melanoma. Welders under 30 years of age are at greater risk for welding maculopathy than older welders. Children, adults under 30 years of age, and pseudophakic individuals with UV-transmitting IOLs should wear sunglasses in bright environments because of the UV-B window in their crystalline lenses or IOLs.
紫外线-B（UV-B）辐射会导致那些只进行日光浴而不进行太阳凝视的年轻人以及焊工出现光毒性黄斑损伤。据报道，焊工患有葡萄膜黑素瘤的风险增加。我们分析了太阳和焊接电弧 UV-B 暴露对有晶状体眼和人工晶状体的风险。
光学辐射测量、分析和透视。
测量了用于紫外线透射、紫外线阻挡和蓝光阻挡的人工晶状体（IOL）的光谱透过率。利用相关的流行病学和实验室数据以及急性视网膜光毒性和黑素瘤光致癌作用的作用光谱，分析了晶状体和人工晶状体的光保护性能。
儿童和年轻人的晶状体 UV-B 视网膜保护不足，增加了他们发生急性视网膜光毒性和假设性光致黑素瘤发生的潜在易感性。与蓝光或 UV-A 辐射不同，UV-B 辐射具有足够的能量/光子来诱导原发性致黑素瘤 DNA 损伤。紫外线阻挡和蓝光阻挡 IOL 几乎没有 UV-B 透过率。紫外线透射 IOL 对 UV-B 辐射的透射率相当于 15 岁晶状体的透射率。
如果光学辐射暴露是导致焊工葡萄膜黑素瘤风险增加的原因，那么 UV-B 辐射就是最可能的致病因素，并且在眼部黑素瘤的流行病学研究中，眼镜佩戴是一个潜在的混杂因素。30 岁以下的焊工比年龄较大的焊工更容易发生焊接性黄斑病变。儿童、30 岁以下的成年人和患有紫外线透射 IOL 的人工晶状体患者应在明亮的环境中戴太阳镜，因为他们的晶状体或 IOL 存在 UV-B 窗口。
