Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2010 May 15;408(12):2452-8. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.02.047. Epub 2010 Mar 29.
This study evaluated the impact of biocides (tributyltin, chlorthalonil and Irgarol 1051) and of pollutants (copper, inorganic and methyl mercury and 4-nonylphenol) occurring in Ebro River (NE Spain) on early developmental stages of native Spanish freshwater and invasive zebra mussels. Toxicity tests were conducted with embryos and glochidia of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) and the naiad species Unio elongatulus, respectively. Toxicity was quantified in terms of median effective concentration (EC50) impairing embryogenesis and glochidia viability in single and combined mixture exposures. Irgarol 1051 was not toxic at concentrations below 40x10(3)nM. Zebra mussel embryos were on average 50 fold more sensitive to the studied pollutants than glochidia. Tributyltin was the most toxic compound with EC50s for zebra mussel embryos and glochidia, respectively, of 1.24 and 47.93 nM, followed by chlorothalonil (3.65, 176.58 nM), methyl mercury (7.06, 156.4 nM), inorganic mercury (3.64, 518.28 nM), copper (19.73, 1358.55 nM) and 4-nonylphenol (33.99, 1221.48 nM). Combined toxicity of Ebro River pollutants (copper, inorganic and methyl mercury and 4-nonylphenol) was greater than additive in zebra mussel embryos and additive in glochidia. These results indicated that contaminant levels that affect zebra mussel embryos are not toxic to early life stages of the naiad mussel species U. elongatulus.
本研究评估了在西班牙东北部埃布罗河（Ebro River）中存在的杀生物剂（三丁基锡、百菌清和 Irgarol 1051）和污染物（铜、无机汞和甲基汞以及 4-壬基酚）对本地西班牙淡水和入侵斑马贻贝早期发育阶段的影响。使用斑马贻贝（Dreissena polymorpha）的胚胎和钩介幼虫以及尖形蜾蠃蜚（Unio elongatulus）的幼体分别进行了毒性测试。以在单一和混合混合物暴露中损害胚胎发生和钩介幼虫活力的中值有效浓度（EC50）来量化毒性。Irgarol 1051 在低于 40x10(3)nM 的浓度下没有毒性。斑马贻贝胚胎对研究中的污染物的平均敏感性比钩介幼虫高 50 倍。三丁基锡是最具毒性的化合物，斑马贻贝胚胎和钩介幼虫的 EC50 分别为 1.24 和 47.93 nM，其次是百菌清（3.65，176.58 nM）、甲基汞（7.06，156.4 nM）、无机汞（3.64，518.28 nM）、铜（19.73，1358.55 nM）和 4-壬基酚（33.99，1221.48 nM）。埃布罗河污染物（铜、无机汞和甲基汞以及 4-壬基酚）的联合毒性在斑马贻贝胚胎中大于相加，在钩介幼虫中为相加。这些结果表明，影响斑马贻贝胚胎的污染物水平对尖形蜾蠃蜚的早期生命阶段没有毒性。
