Roberts T A
Stanford University.
Psychol Bull. 1991 Mar;109(2):297-308. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.109.2.297.
This article reviews evidence for a gender difference in responsiveness to others' evaluations in achievement situations. Studies show that women's self-evaluations are more responsive to the valence of the evaluative feedback they receive than are men's. A number of possible explanations for this effect are then discussed, with the best evidence pointing to men's and women's differing construals of the informational value of others' evaluations in such situations. Research on the behavioral consequences of women's lower status as well as on children's experiences with evaluative feedback provides potential explanations for this effect. A more proximal explanation, however, lies in men's and women's different approaches to evaluative achievement situations. Men may be particularly likely to respond to the competitive nature of evaluative achievement and hence to adopt a self-confident approach that leads them to deny the informational value of others' evaluations. Women may be particularly likely to approach such situations as opportunities to gain information about their abilities.
本文回顾了在成就情境中，人们对他人评价的反应存在性别差异的相关证据。研究表明，相较于男性，女性的自我评价对她们所获得的评价性反馈的效价更为敏感。随后讨论了对此效应的一些可能解释，最有力的证据指向了男性和女性在这种情境下对他人评价的信息价值的不同理解。关于女性较低地位的行为后果以及儿童对评价性反馈的体验的研究为这一效应提供了潜在解释。然而，一个更直接的解释在于男性和女性对评价性成就情境的不同处理方式。男性可能特别容易对评价性成就的竞争性做出反应，因此会采取一种自信的方式，这导致他们否认他人评价的信息价值。女性可能特别容易将此类情境视为获取自身能力信息的机会。
