Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, Hampton House/Room 802, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
J Youth Adolesc. 2011 Jan;40(1):48-58. doi: 10.1007/s10964-010-9529-2. Epub 2010 Mar 31.
The theory of sensation seeking has conceptualized this construct as a stable personality trait associated with a variety of problem behaviors. Reckless behavior theory posits that increases in reckless behavior during adolescence can be attributed, in part, to increases in sensation seeking. This study evaluated patterns of stability and change in sensation seeking among 868 urban, minority youth (53% female), followed longitudinally across middle school (6th-8th grades). Group-based trajectory analysis identified a stable low group (20%), a moderate increasing group (60%), and a stable high group (20%) each of which demonstrated unique associations with changes in problem behaviors. Stable low sensation seekers reported consistently low levels of aggression, delinquency, and substance use across middle school. Moderate increasing sensation seekers reported significant increases in these risk behaviors over time from levels near zero in the 6th grade. Stable high sensation seekers reported high, stable levels of aggression and delinquency upon entry into middle school as well as significant increases in substance use across middle school. These results lend support to both theories and highlight a need for caution when categorizing adolescents as high or low sensation seekers.
感觉寻求理论将这一概念概念化为一种与各种问题行为相关的稳定人格特质。鲁莽行为理论认为，青少年时期鲁莽行为的增加部分归因于感觉寻求的增加。本研究评估了 868 名城市少数民族青年（53%为女性）在整个中学阶段（6 至 8 年级）的感觉寻求稳定性和变化模式。基于群体的轨迹分析确定了一个稳定的低群体（20%）、一个中等增长群体（60%）和一个稳定的高群体（20%），每个群体都与问题行为的变化有独特的关联。稳定的低感觉寻求者报告说，在整个中学阶段，他们的攻击性、违法行为和物质使用水平一直很低。中等增长的感觉寻求者报告说，这些风险行为在 6 年级时接近零水平的基础上，随着时间的推移显著增加。稳定的高感觉寻求者在进入中学时报告了较高、稳定的攻击性和违法行为，以及整个中学期间物质使用的显著增加。这些结果支持了这两种理论，并强调在将青少年归类为高或低感觉寻求者时需要谨慎。
