Improving the anti-tumor effect of genistein with a biocompatible superparamagnetic drug delivery system.

The practical application of genistein as a low toxicity chemotherapeutic drug is hindered by many of its in vivo properties. To overcome these obstacles, a new multifunctional drug delivery system is developed, which is based on covalently attaching genistein onto Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated by cross-linked carboxymethylated chitosan (CMCH). The structure of the Fe3O4-CMCH-genistein nano-conjugate was confirmed by transmission electron micrographs (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transfer infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The nano-conjugate shows good water solubility and superparamagnetic properties with a saturation magnetization of 55.1 emu/g. The effects of free genistein and FeO4-CMCH-genistein nano-conjugate on the proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 were investigated by MTT assay and flow cytometry (FACS). MTT results indicate that the Fe3O4-CMCH-genistein nano-conjugate exhibits a significantly enhanced inhibition effect to the SGC-7901 cancer cells than the free genistein. FACS data suggests that the inhibition on cell proliferation of the nano-conjugate is related with an induced apoptosis process. This drug delivery system is promising for future multifunctional chemotherapeutic application that combines drug release and magnetic hyperthermia therapy.