Pugliese M, Bengin V, Casolino M, Roca V, Zanini A, Durante M
Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
Radiat Environ Biophys. 2010 Aug;49(3):359-63. doi: 10.1007/s00411-010-0283-3. Epub 2010 Apr 3.
Radiation assessment and protection in space is the first step in planning future missions to the Moon and Mars, where mission and number of space travelers will increase and the protection of the geomagnetic shielding against the cosmic radiation will be absent. In this framework, the shielding effectiveness of two flexible materials, Kevlar and Nextel, were tested, which are largely used in the construction of spacecrafts. Accelerator-based tests clearly demonstrated that Kevlar is an excellent shield for heavy ions, close to polyethylene, whereas Nextel shows poor shielding characteristics. Measurements on flight performed onboard of the International Space Station and of the Foton-M3 capsule have been carried out with special attention to the neutron component; shielded and unshielded detectors (thermoluminescence dosemeters, bubble detectors) were exposed to a real radiation environment to test the shielding properties of the materials under study. The results indicate no significant effects of shielding, suggesting that thin shields in low-Earth Orbit have little effect on absorbed dose.
太空辐射评估与防护是规划未来月球和火星任务的首要步骤，在这些任务中，太空飞行任务数量和太空旅行者人数将会增加，而且将不存在抵御宇宙辐射的地磁屏蔽保护。在此框架下，对两种广泛用于航天器建造的柔性材料——凯夫拉尔纤维和Nextel纤维的屏蔽效能进行了测试。基于加速器的测试清楚地表明，凯夫拉尔纤维是一种对重离子的出色屏蔽材料，与聚乙烯相近，而Nextel纤维的屏蔽特性较差。在国际空间站和“光子-M3”太空舱上进行了飞行测量，特别关注了中子成分；将屏蔽和未屏蔽的探测器（热释光剂量计、气泡探测器）置于真实辐射环境中，以测试所研究材料的屏蔽特性。结果表明屏蔽没有显著效果，这表明低地球轨道上的薄屏蔽层对吸收剂量影响很小。
