Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Koszykowa 82 a, 02-008 Warsaw, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
Mini Rev Med Chem. 2010 Sep;10(10):928-37. doi: 10.2174/138955710792007204.
Many species of Gram-positive cocci are pathogenic. The most important are staphylococci, streptococci, and enterococci. Widespread usage of antibiotics was the main cause for the appearance and spread of resistance to almost all antimicrobials. The occurrence, mechanisms, and genetic background of resistance to antimicrobial drugs other than beta-lactams and glycopeptides among pathogenic staphylococci, streptococci, and enterococci are discussed in the text. Well-established agents (such as macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, aminoglycosides, quinolones, mupirocin, chloramphenicol) as well as new agents (linezolid, daptomycin, quinupristine/dalfopristine, ratapamulin, tigecycline, iclaprim and new generations of quinolones) are considered.
许多革兰氏阳性球菌都是病原体。其中最重要的是葡萄球菌、链球菌和肠球菌。抗生素的广泛使用是导致几乎所有抗菌药物耐药性出现和传播的主要原因。本文讨论了致病性葡萄球菌、链球菌和肠球菌对除β-内酰胺类和糖肽类以外的抗菌药物的耐药性的发生、机制和遗传背景。文中还考虑了一些已确立的药物（如大环内酯类、林可酰胺类、链阳性菌素类、氨基糖苷类、喹诺酮类、莫匹罗星、氯霉素）以及一些新的药物（如利奈唑胺、达托霉素、奎奴普丁/达福普汀、雷帕霉素、替加环素、依克立平和新一代喹诺酮类药物）。
