Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2010 May;8(5):328-39. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2318. Epub 2010 Apr 7.
Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp. cause several emerging human infectious diseases. Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Ehrlichia chaffeensis are transmitted between mammals by blood-sucking ticks and replicate inside mammalian white blood cells and tick salivary-gland and midgut cells. Adaptation to a life in eukaryotic cells and transmission between hosts has been assisted by the deletion of many genes that are present in the genomes of free-living bacteria (including genes required for the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan), by the acquisition of a cholesterol uptake pathway and by the expansion of the repertoire of genes encoding the outer-membrane porins and type IV secretion system. Here, I review the specialized properties and other adaptations of these intracellular bacteria.
嗜吞噬细胞无形体和人埃立克体属细菌引起数种新发人类传染病。嗜吞噬细胞无形体和人埃立克体属细菌通过吸血蜱在哺乳动物间传播，并在哺乳动物白细胞和蜱唾液腺及中肠细胞内繁殖。通过缺失许多存在于自由生活细菌基因组中的基因（包括脂多糖和肽聚糖生物合成所需的基因）、获得胆固醇摄取途径以及扩展编码外膜孔蛋白和 IV 型分泌系统的基因谱，这些内生细菌适应真核细胞内的生活并在宿主间传播。在此，我综述这些细胞内细菌的特殊性质和其他适应性。
