Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, 950 N. Hurstbourne Parkway, Louisville, KY 40222, USA.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2010 Apr;23(2):412-41. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00062-09.
Hantaviruses are enzootic viruses that maintain persistent infections in their rodent hosts without apparent disease symptoms. The spillover of these viruses to humans can lead to one of two serious illnesses, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. In recent years, there has been an improved understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and natural history of these viruses following an increase in the number of outbreaks in the Americas. In this review, current concepts regarding the ecology of and disease associated with these serious human pathogens are presented. Priorities for future research suggest an integration of the ecology and evolution of these and other host-virus ecosystems through modeling and hypothesis-driven research with the risk of emergence, host switching/spillover, and disease transmission to humans.
汉坦病毒是地方性病毒,在其啮齿动物宿主中保持持续感染而没有明显的疾病症状。这些病毒溢出到人类身上会导致两种严重疾病:汉坦病毒肺综合征和肾综合征出血热。近年来,随着美洲暴发疫情的增加,人们对这些病毒的流行病学、发病机制和自然史有了更好的了解。在这篇综述中,介绍了与这些严重人类病原体相关的生态学和疾病的现有概念。未来研究的重点表明,需要通过建模和以假设为驱动的研究,整合这些以及其他宿主-病毒生态系统的生态学和进化,以研究其出现的风险、宿主转换/溢出以及向人类传播疾病的风险。