Sundkvist Anneli Marklund, Olofsson Ulrika, Haglund Peter
Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
J Environ Monit. 2010 Apr;12(4):943-51. doi: 10.1039/b921910b. Epub 2010 Feb 2.
The levels and relative proportions of 11 organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers (OPs), some of which are reportedly toxic to aquatic organisms, were investigated in human breast milk and samples of fish and mussels from Swedish lakes and coastal areas in order to assess spatial differences in environmental exposure and spatial and temporal differences in human exposure. Some of the biota samples were collected at locations with known potential sources of OPs, but most were collected in background locations. Tris-2-chloroisopropyl phosphate (TCPP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) dominated in the biota with levels ranging from 170 to 770 ng g(-1) for TCPP in perch and between 21 and 180 ng g(-1) for TPP. In milk samples, TCPP (median 45 ng g(-1)) and tributyl phosphate (median 12 ng g(-1)) were the most frequently occurring OPs. Among samples of fish from background locations, the concentrations and profiles of most OPs were quite similar, indicating that their sources were diffuse. However, in fish from sample locations near known sources, there were marked differences in OP concentrations and profiles. Fish from a stream receiving surface water from Arlanda airport displayed high levels of OPs (10 200 ng g(-1)) that are commonly used in aircraft hydraulic fluids. Fish collected at points 1 or 2 km downstream of sewage treatment plants showed significantly higher levels of tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), one of the most typically abundant OP in effluents from such plants. In the milk samples obtained from women in different towns no distinct differences were detected in OP concentrations or profiles. However, the levels of TBEP tended to be higher in milk collected 10 years ago than in milk collected more recently. However, human exposure to OPs through eating fish or to breastfeeding babies seems to be of minor importance in relation to other potential sources, such as indoor dust inhalation and ingestion.
对11种有机磷阻燃剂和增塑剂（OPs）的含量及相对比例进行了调查，据报道其中一些对水生生物有毒。这些OPs存在于人类母乳以及来自瑞典湖泊和沿海地区的鱼类和贻贝样本中，目的是评估环境暴露的空间差异以及人类暴露的空间和时间差异。一些生物样本是在已知OPs潜在来源的地点采集的，但大多数是在背景地点采集的。三（2-氯异丙基）磷酸酯（TCPP）和磷酸三苯酯（TPP）在生物群中占主导地位，鲈鱼体内TCPP的含量范围为170至770 ng g⁻¹，TPP的含量在21至180 ng g⁻¹之间。在牛奶样本中，TCPP（中位数为45 ng g⁻¹）和磷酸三丁酯（中位数为12 ng g⁻¹）是最常出现的OPs。在来自背景地点的鱼类样本中，大多数OPs的浓度和分布相当相似，表明它们的来源较为分散。然而，在靠近已知来源的采样地点的鱼类中，OPs的浓度和分布存在显著差异。一条接收阿兰达机场地表水的溪流中的鱼类显示出高水平的OPs（10200 ng g⁻¹），这些OPs常用于飞机液压油。在污水处理厂下游1或2公里处采集的鱼类显示，磷酸三（2-丁氧基乙基）酯（TBEP）的含量显著更高，TBEP是此类工厂废水中最典型的丰富OPs之一。在从不同城镇的女性那里获得的牛奶样本中，未检测到OPs浓度或分布有明显差异。然而，10年前采集的牛奶中TBEP的含量往往高于最近采集的牛奶。然而，与其他潜在来源（如吸入和摄入室内灰尘）相比，人类通过食用鱼类或母乳喂养婴儿接触OPs的重要性似乎较小。
