Center for Physical Development Excellence, Department of Physical Education, United States Military Academy, West Point, NewYork, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2010 May;24(5):1169-78. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d68107.
To investigate sprinting strategy, acceleration and velocity patterns were determined in college football players (n = 61) during performance of a 9.1-, 36.6-, and 54.9-m sprints. Acceleration and velocity were determined at 9.1-m intervals during each sprint. Lower-body strength and power were evaluated by 1 repetition maximum (1-RM) squat, power clean, jerk, vertical jump, standing long jump, and standing triple jump. Sprint times averaged 1.78 +/- 0.11 seconds (9.1 m), 5.18 +/- 0.35 seconds (36.6 m), and 7.40 +/- 0.53 seconds. Acceleration peaked at 9.1 m (2.96 +/- 0.44 m x s(-2)), was held constant at 18.3 m (3.55 +/- 0.0.94 m x s(-2)), and was negative at 27.4 m (-1.02 +/- 0.72 m x s(-2)). Velocity peaked at 18.3 m (8.38 +/- 0.65 m x s(-2)) and decreased slightly, but significantly at 27.4 m (7.55 +/- 0.66 m x s(-2)), associated with the negative acceleration. Measures of lower-body strength were significantly related to acceleration, velocity, and sprint performance only when corrected for body mass. Lower-body strength/BM and power correlated highest with 36.6-m time (rs = -0.55 to -0.80) and with acceleration (strength r = 0.67-0.49; power r = 0.73-0.81) and velocity (strength r = 0.68-0.53; power r = 0.74-0.82) at 9.1 m. Sprint times and strength per body mass were significantly lower in lineman compared with linebackers-tight ends and backs. The acceleration and velocity patterns were the same for each position group, and differences in sprint time were determined by the magnitude of acceleration and velocity at 9.1 and 18.3 m. Sprint performance in football players is determined by a rapid increase in acceleration (through 18.3 m) and a high velocity maintained throughout the sprint and is independent of position played. The best sprint performances (independent of sprint distance) appear to be related to the highest initial acceleration (through 18.3 m) and highest attained and maintained velocity. Strength relative to body mass and power appears to impact initial acceleration and velocity (through 18.3 m) in contribution to sprint performance.
为了研究短跑策略，我们对 61 名大学生足球运动员进行了 9.1 米、36.6 米和 54.9 米短跑的冲刺速度和加速度模式的测试。在每次短跑中，我们在 9.1 米的间隔处测量加速度和速度。通过 1 次最大重复深蹲、力量清洁、挺举、垂直跳跃、立定跳远和立定三级跳远来评估下肢力量和力量。短跑时间平均为 1.78 +/- 0.11 秒（9.1 米）、5.18 +/- 0.35 秒（36.6 米）和 7.40 +/- 0.53 秒。加速度在 9.1 米处达到峰值（2.96 +/- 0.44 m x s(-2)），在 18.3 米处保持不变（3.55 +/- 0.0.94 m x s(-2)），在 27.4 米处为负值（-1.02 +/- 0.72 m x s(-2)）。速度在 18.3 米处达到峰值（8.38 +/- 0.65 m x s(-2)），然后略有下降，但在 27.4 米处明显下降（7.55 +/- 0.66 m x s(-2)），与负加速度有关。仅当按体重校正时，下肢力量的测量值才与加速度、速度和短跑成绩显著相关。下肢力量/体重和力量与 36.6 米时间的相关性最高（rs = -0.55 至 -0.80），与加速度（力量 rs = 0.67-0.49；力量 rs = 0.73-0.81）和 9.1 米处的速度（力量 rs = 0.68-0.53；力量 rs = 0.74-0.82）。与线卫-紧身端和后卫相比，前锋的冲刺时间和体重力量明显较低。每个位置组的加速度和速度模式相同，而冲刺时间的差异则由 9.1 米和 18.3 米处的加速度和速度大小决定。足球运动员的冲刺表现取决于加速度的快速增加（通过 18.3 米）和整个冲刺过程中的高速度，并与位置无关。最佳的冲刺表现（与冲刺距离无关）似乎与初始加速度最高（通过 18.3 米）以及达到和保持的最高速度有关。与体重相比，力量和力量似乎会影响初始加速度和速度（通过 18.3 米），从而对冲刺表现产生影响。
