Wood Joanne, Chaparro Alex, Carberry Trent, Chu Byoung Sun
School of Optometry and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Optom Vis Sci. 2010 Jun;87(6):379-86. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0b013e3181d95b0d.
This study investigated the effects of simulated visual impairment on nighttime driving performance and pedestrian recognition under real-road conditions.
Closed road nighttime driving performance was measured for 20 young visually normal participants (M = 27.5 +/- 6.1 years) under three visual conditions: normal vision, simulated cataracts, and refractive blur that were incorporated in modified goggles. The visual acuity levels for the cataract and blur conditions were matched for each participant. Driving measures included sign recognition, avoidance of low contrast road hazards, time to complete the course, and lane keeping. Pedestrian recognition was measured for pedestrians wearing either black clothing or black clothing with retroreflective markings on the moveable joints to create the perception of biological motion ("biomotion").
Simulated visual impairment significantly reduced participants' ability to recognize road signs, avoid road hazards, and increased the time taken to complete the driving course (p < 0.05); the effect was greatest for the cataract condition, even though the cataract and blur conditions were matched for visual acuity. Although visual impairment also significantly reduced the ability to recognize the pedestrian wearing black clothing, the pedestrian wearing "biomotion" was seen 80% of the time.
Driving performance under nighttime conditions was significantly degraded by modest visual impairment; these effects were greatest for the cataract condition. Pedestrian recognition was greatly enhanced by marking limb joints in the pattern of "biomotion," which was relatively robust to the effects of visual impairment.
本研究调查了模拟视觉障碍对真实道路条件下夜间驾驶性能和行人识别的影响。
对20名视力正常的年轻参与者（M = 27.5 ± 6.1岁）在三种视觉条件下进行封闭道路夜间驾驶性能测试：正常视力、模拟白内障和通过改良护目镜实现的屈光性模糊。为每位参与者匹配白内障和模糊条件下的视力水平。驾驶测量指标包括标志识别、避免低对比度道路危险、完成路线的时间和车道保持。对穿着黑色衣服或在可动关节处带有反光标记以营造生物运动感知（“生物运动”）的行人进行行人识别测量。
模拟视觉障碍显著降低了参与者识别道路标志、避免道路危险的能力，并增加了完成驾驶路线所需的时间（p < 0.05）；白内障条件下的影响最大，尽管白内障和模糊条件下的视力是匹配的。虽然视觉障碍也显著降低了识别穿黑色衣服行人的能力，但80%的时间能看到穿着“生物运动”服装的行人。
适度的视觉障碍会显著降低夜间驾驶性能；这些影响在白内障条件下最为明显。通过以“生物运动”模式标记肢体关节，行人识别能力得到了极大提高，这种模式对视觉障碍的影响相对具有抗性。
