School of Optometry and Vision Science and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014 Apr 9;55(4):2284-9. doi: 10.1167/iovs.13-13369.
To investigate the effect of different levels of refractive blur on real-world driving performance measured under day and nighttime conditions.
Participants included 12 visually normal, young adults (mean age = 25.8 ± 5.2 years) who drove an instrumented research vehicle around a 4 km closed road circuit with three different levels of binocular spherical refractive blur (+0.50 diopter sphere [DS], +1.00 DS, +2.00 DS) compared with a baseline condition. The subjects wore optimal spherocylinder correction and the additional blur lenses were mounted in modified full-field goggles; the order of testing of the blur conditions was randomized. Driving performance was assessed in two different sessions under day and nighttime conditions and included measures of road signs recognized, hazard detection and avoidance, gap detection, lane-keeping, sign recognition distance, speed, and time to complete the course.
Refractive blur and time of day had significant effects on driving performance (P < 0.05), where increasing blur and nighttime driving reduced performance on all driving tasks except gap judgment and lane keeping. There was also a significant interaction between blur and time of day (P < 0.05), such that the effects of blur were exacerbated under nighttime driving conditions; performance differences were evident even for +0.50 DS blur relative to baseline for some measures.
The effects of blur were greatest under nighttime conditions, even for levels of binocular refractive blur as low as +0.50 DS. These results emphasize the importance of accurate and up-to-date refractive correction of even low levels of refractive error when driving at night.
研究不同程度的屈光模糊对日间和夜间条件下真实驾驶性能的影响。
参与者包括 12 名视力正常的年轻成年人（平均年龄=25.8±5.2 岁），他们在一个 4 公里的封闭道路环路上驾驶一辆装有仪器的研究车辆，与基线条件相比，双眼有三种不同程度的球镜屈光模糊（+0.50 屈光度球镜[DS]、+1.00 DS、+2.00 DS）。受试者佩戴最佳球镜柱镜矫正镜，附加的模糊镜片安装在改良的全视野护目镜中；测试模糊条件的顺序是随机的。驾驶性能在日间和夜间条件下进行两次不同的评估，包括识别道路标志、发现和避免危险、间隙检测、车道保持、标志识别距离、速度和完成课程的时间。
屈光模糊和时间对驾驶性能有显著影响（P<0.05），随着模糊度的增加和夜间驾驶，除了间隙判断和车道保持外，所有驾驶任务的性能都降低了。模糊和时间之间也存在显著的交互作用（P<0.05），因此，在夜间驾驶条件下，模糊的影响更加严重；即使对于+0.50 DS 的模糊，与基线相比，一些测量值的性能差异也很明显。
即使是低水平的双眼屈光模糊（如+0.50 DS），在夜间条件下模糊的影响最大。这些结果强调了夜间驾驶时准确和最新的屈光矫正对即使是低水平屈光不正的重要性。
