Coastal and Freshwater Resources, Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand.
Biofouling. 2010 Jan;26(1):1-13. doi: 10.1080/08927010903174599.
This study experimentally determined the effect of different vessel voyage speeds (5, 10 and 18 knots = 2.6, 5.1 and 9.3 ms(-1), respectively) and morphological characteristics including growth form (solitary or colonial), profile (erect or encrusting) and structure (soft, hard or flexible) on the survival of a range of common biofouling organisms. A custom built hydrodynamic keel attached to the bottom of a 6 m aluminium powerboat was used to subject pre-fouled settlement plates for this purpose. Vessel speeds of 5 and 10 knots had little effect on the species richness of biofouling assemblages tested, however richness decreased by 50% following 18 knots treatments. Species percentage cover decreased with increasing speed across all speed treatments and this decrease was most pronounced at 10 and 18 knots, with cover reduced by 24 and 85% respectively. Survival was greatest for organisms with colonial, encrusting, hard and/or flexible morphological characteristics, and this effect increased with increasing speed. This study suggests that there is predictive power in forecasting future introductions if we can understand the extent to which such traits explain the world-wide distributions of non-indigenous species. Future introductions are a certainty and can only provide an increasing source of new information on which to test the validity of these predications.
本研究通过实验确定了不同船只航行速度（5、10 和 18 节=2.6、5.1 和 9.3 米/秒）和形态特征（包括生长形式[单独或群体]、形态[直立或覆盖]和结构[软、硬或灵活]）对一系列常见生物附着生物的生存的影响。为此，在一艘 6 米长的铝制动力船的底部安装了一个定制的水动力龙骨，用于放置预先附着的附着板。5 节和 10 节的船速对测试的生物附着生物群的物种丰富度几乎没有影响，但 18 节处理后丰富度下降了 50%。在所有速度处理中，物种的盖度随着速度的增加而减少，在 10 节和 18 节时减少最为明显，盖度分别减少了 24%和 85%。具有群体、覆盖、硬和/或灵活形态特征的生物生存能力最强，而且这种效应随着速度的增加而增加。本研究表明，如果我们能够理解这些特征在多大程度上解释了非本地物种的全球分布，那么对未来的引入进行预测是有预测能力的。未来的引入是必然的，只能提供越来越多的新信息，以检验这些预测的有效性。
