Coastal & Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand.
Biofouling. 2010 Jul;26(5):613-21. doi: 10.1080/08927014.2010.502963.
Vessel traffic is the primary pathway for non-indigenous marine species introductions to New Zealand, with hull fouling recognised as being an important mechanism. This article describes hull fouling on seven slow-moving commercial vessels sampled over a 1 year period. Sampling involved the collection of images and fouling specimens from different hull locations using a standardised protocol developed to assess vessel biofouling in New Zealand. A total of 29 taxa was identified by expert taxonomists, of which 24% were indigenous to New Zealand and 17% non-indigenous. No first records to New Zealand were reported, however 59% of species were classified as 'unknown' due to insufficient taxonomic resolution. The extent of fouling was low compared to that described for other slow-movers. Fouling cover, biomass and richness were on average 17.1% (SE = 1.8%), 5.2 g (SE = 1.1 g) and 0.8 (SE = 0.07) per photoquadrat (200 x 200 mm), respectively. The fouling extent was lowest on the main hull areas where the antifouling paint was in good condition. In contrast, highest levels of fouling were associated with dry-docking support strips and other niche areas of the hull where the paint condition was poor. Future studies should target vessels from a broader range of bioregions, including vessels that remain idle for extended periods (ie months) between voyages, to increase understanding of the biosecurity risks posed by international commercial slow-movers.
船舶交通是新西兰外来海洋物种引入的主要途径,船体污损被认为是一个重要的机制。本文描述了在一年内对七艘缓慢移动的商业船只进行的船体污损调查。采样使用标准化协议进行,涉及从不同船体位置收集图像和污损标本,该协议是为评估新西兰船只生物污损而制定的。通过专家分类学家鉴定了 29 个分类单元,其中 24%是新西兰本土的,17%是非本土的。没有向新西兰报告新的记录,但由于分类分辨率不足,59%的物种被归类为“未知”。与其他慢速移动船只相比,污损程度较低。污损覆盖度、生物量和丰富度平均分别为 17.1%(SE = 1.8%)、5.2 克(SE = 1.1 克)和 0.8(SE = 0.07)每 200 x 200 毫米的照片网格(photoquadrat)。在防污漆状况良好的主船体区域,污损程度最低。相比之下,干船坞支撑条和船体其他生态位区域的污损程度最高,这些区域的油漆状况较差。未来的研究应针对更广泛的生物区系的船只,包括在航行之间闲置较长时间(例如数月)的船只,以增加对国际商业慢速移动船只带来的生物安全风险的理解。