Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2010;45(3):305-12. doi: 10.1080/10934520903468038.
Although the estrogenic properties of numerous chloroorganic pesticides have been widely recognized, population studies do not give clear results indicating the link between the exposure to these compounds and breast cancer development. Because of the weak affinity of these pesticides to estrogen receptors, they probably act by affecting the expression of CYP genes encoding cytochromes P450 engaged in the metabolism of environmental as well as natural estrogens. To examine the possible correlation between environmental estrogen levels in adipose tissue and breast cancer stage, grade, receptor status and onset of the disease, adipose tissue was isolated from 54 breast cancer patients and 23 healthy individuals. Clinical characteristics were obtained from the medical records, while the information concerning exposure to environmental estrogens where obtained from questionnaires. The environmental estrogens were identified and quantified by GC-chromatography. The data was analyzed with the use of Student t-test and Spearman correlation. The levels of most environmental estrogens did not differ between the patients and the controls, except the beta-HCH (beta-hexachlorocyclohexane) level, which was higher in the patients than in the healthy individuals. Significantly higher levels of DDE (1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethene) and DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenol)ethane) (P < 0.05) were observed in the patients with late onset of the disease which was probably due to the time of exposure. Moreover, in the patients exposed to environmental estrogens, significantly higher concentrations of DDD (1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethane) were found (P < 0.05). We also evidenced that estrogen-independent cancer was more frequent in the patients exposed to numerous risk factors in which higher levels of HCB (hexachlorobenzene), gamma-HCH (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane), DDD and DDT in adipose tissue were detected. Breast cancer development is probably related to the accumulation of DDT and its derivatives, but the effect appears only in older patients. We postulate that environmental estrogens acting together with other risk factors might influence the progress and exacerbate the prognosis of breast cancer.
虽然许多氯有机杀虫剂的雌激素特性已被广泛认可，但人群研究并未给出明确的结果，表明这些化合物暴露与乳腺癌发展之间存在联系。由于这些杀虫剂与雌激素受体的亲和力较弱，它们可能通过影响编码参与环境和天然雌激素代谢的细胞色素 P450 的 CYP 基因的表达来发挥作用。为了研究脂肪组织中环境雌激素水平与乳腺癌分期、分级、受体状态和发病之间的可能相关性，从 54 名乳腺癌患者和 23 名健康个体中分离出脂肪组织。临床特征从病历中获得，而关于接触环境雌激素的信息则从问卷中获得。使用 GC-色谱法鉴定和定量环境雌激素。使用学生 t 检验和斯皮尔曼相关性分析数据。除了乙型六氯环己烷 (β-HCH) 水平在患者中高于健康个体外，大多数环境雌激素的水平在患者和对照组之间没有差异。在发病较晚的患者中观察到 DDE（1,1-双（4-氯苯基）-2,2-二氯乙烯）和 DDT（1,1,1-三氯-2,2-双（4-氯苯氧基）乙烷）的水平显著升高（P <0.05），这可能是由于暴露时间。此外，在接触环境雌激素的患者中，发现 DDD（1,1-双（4-氯苯基）-2,2-二氯乙烷）的浓度显著升高（P <0.05）。我们还证明，在接触多种危险因素的患者中，雌激素非依赖性癌症更为常见，其中脂肪组织中 HCB（六氯苯）、γ-HCH（γ-六氯环己烷）、DDD 和 DDT 的水平较高。乳腺癌的发展可能与 DDT 及其衍生物的积累有关，但这种影响仅在老年患者中出现。我们假设，环境雌激素与其他危险因素一起作用可能会影响乳腺癌的进展并恶化其预后。
