In-Vivo NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.
J Neurosci. 2010 Apr 14;30(15):5234-41. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0844-10.2010.
Experimental data up to 7.0 T show that the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) increases with higher magnetic field strength. Although several studies at 11.7 T report higher BOLD signal compared with studies at 7.0 T, no direct comparison at these two field strengths has been performed under the exact same conditions. It therefore remains unclear whether the expected increase of BOLD effect with field strength will still continue to hold for fields >7.0 T. To examine this issue, we compared the BOLD activation signal at 7.0 and 11.7 T with the two common sequences, spin-echo (SE) and gradient-echo (GE) echo planar imaging (EPI). We chose the physiologically well controlled rat model of electrical forepaw stimulation under medetomidine sedation. While a linear to superlinear increase in activation with field strengths up to 7.0 T was reported in the literature, we observed no significant activation difference between 7.0 and 11.7 T with either SE or GE. Discussing the results in light of the four-component model of the BOLD signal, we showed that at high field only two extravascular contributions remain relevant, while both intravascular components vanish. Constancy of the BOLD effect is discussed due to motional narrowing, i.e., susceptibility gradients become so strong that phase variance of diffusing spins decreases and therefore the BOLD signal also decreases. This finding will be of high significance for the planning of future human and animal fMRI studies at high fields and their quantitative analysis.
实验数据表明,在 7.0T 磁场强度下,血氧水平依赖(BOLD)信号增强。尽管一些 11.7T 的研究报告称 BOLD 信号高于 7.0T,但在这两种场强下,还没有在完全相同的条件下进行直接比较。因此,BOLD 效应随场强增加的预期是否仍将持续到>7.0T 的场强仍不清楚。为了研究这个问题,我们比较了 7.0T 和 11.7T 两种常见序列(自旋回波(SE)和梯度回波(GE)EPI)的 BOLD 激活信号。我们选择了在右美托咪定镇静下电刺激前爪的生理控制良好的大鼠模型。虽然文献报道了 BOLD 激活信号在线性到超线性范围内随场强增加,但我们发现 SE 和 GE 两种序列在 7.0T 和 11.7T 之间均无显著激活差异。根据 BOLD 信号的四分量模型讨论结果,我们表明在高场中,只有两个血管外贡献仍然相关,而两个血管内成分均消失。BOLD 效应的恒定性是由于运动性变窄引起的,即,磁化率梯度变得如此之强,以致扩散自旋的相位方差减小,因此 BOLD 信号也减小。这一发现对于未来在高场进行人类和动物 fMRI 研究及其定量分析的规划具有重要意义。