Chettle D R, Scott M C, Somervaille L J
School of Physics and Space Research, University of Birmingham, England.
Environ Health Perspect. 1991 Feb;91:49-55. doi: 10.1289/ehp.919149.
Lead in bone can be measured in vivo using gamma-rays from a 109Cd source to excite lead K X-rays. Normalization of lead X-ray amplitudes to that of the elastically backscattered 88 keV gamma-rays produces a determination of the concentration of lead in bone mineral that is accurate and insensitive to variations in measurement or bone geometry. For in vivo tibia measurements, a typical precision (1 SD) of +/- 5 micrograms lead (g bone mineral)-1 is achieved for an effective dose equivalent of 2.1 microSv. Measurement can be made of any superficial bone site, but precision will vary approximately as the inverse of the square root of the mass of bone mineral sampled. The apparatus required for this technique is readily transportable, and mobile laboratory facilities are easily established.
可利用来自(^{109}Cd)源的伽马射线在体内激发铅的K X射线，从而测量骨骼中的铅含量。将铅X射线振幅与弹性背散射的88keV伽马射线的振幅进行归一化处理，可准确测定骨矿物质中铅的浓度，且对测量或骨骼几何形状的变化不敏感。对于体内胫骨测量，在有效剂量当量为2.1微希沃特的情况下，典型精度（1标准差）可达±5微克铅/（克骨矿物质）。该测量可在任何浅表骨部位进行，但精度将大致随所采样骨矿物质质量平方根的倒数而变化。这项技术所需的仪器便于携带，且易于建立移动实验室设施。
