Negri E, La Vecchia C, Franceschi S, D'Avanzo B, Parazzini F
Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
Int J Cancer. 1991 May 30;48(3):350-4. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910480307.
The relationship between cancer risk and frequency of consumption of green vegetables and fruit has been analyzed using data from an integrated series of case-control studies conducted in northern Italy between 1983 and 1990. The overall dataset included the following histologically confirmed cancers: oral cavity and pharynx, 119; oesophagus, 294; stomach, 564; colon, 673; rectum, 406; liver, 258; gall-bladder, 41; pancreas, 303; larynx, 149; breast, 2,860; endometrium, 567; ovary, 742; prostate, 107; bladder, 365; kidney, 147; thyroid, 120; Hodgkin's disease, 72; non-Hodgkin lymphomas, 173; myelomas, 117; and a total of 6,147 controls admitted to hospital for acute non-neoplastic conditions, unrelated to long-term dietary modifications. Multivariate relative risks (RR) for subsequent tertiles of vegetable and fruit consumption were derived after allowance for age, sex, area of residence, education and smoking. For vegetables, there was a consistent pattern of protection for all epithelial cancers, with RRs in the upper tertile ranging from 0.2 for oesophagus, liver and larynx to 0.7 for breast. All the trends in risk were in the same direction and significant for all carcinomas except gall-bladder. In contrast, no protection was afforded by high vegetable consumption against non-epithelial lymphoid neoplasms. With reference to fruit, strong inverse relationships were observed for cancers of the upper digestive and respiratory tract, with RRs in the upper tertile between 0.2 and 0.3 for oral cavity and pharynx, oesophagus and larynx relative to the lowest tertile. The lower the location of the tumour in the digestive tract, the weaker appeared to be the protection afforded. Significant inverse relationships were observed for liver, pancreas, prostate and urinary sites, but not for rectum, breast and female genital cancers or thyroid. No relationship emerged for lymphomas and myelomas. Even in the absence of a clear biological interpretation, the consistency and strength of the patterns observed indicate that, in this population, frequent green vegetable intake is associated with a substantial reduction of risk for several common epithelial cancers, and that fruit intake has a favourable effect, especially on upper digestive cancers and, probably, also on urinary tract neoplasms.
利用1983年至1990年在意大利北部开展的一系列综合病例对照研究的数据，分析了癌症风险与绿色蔬菜和水果食用频率之间的关系。总体数据集包括以下经组织学确诊的癌症：口腔和咽部，119例；食管，294例；胃，564例；结肠，673例；直肠，406例；肝脏，258例；胆囊，41例；胰腺，303例；喉，149例；乳腺，2860例；子宫内膜，567例；卵巢，742例；前列腺，107例；膀胱，365例；肾脏，147例；甲状腺，120例；霍奇金病，72例；非霍奇金淋巴瘤，173例；骨髓瘤，117例；以及总共6147名因急性非肿瘤性疾病入院的对照者，这些疾病与长期饮食改变无关。在考虑了年龄、性别、居住地区、教育程度和吸烟因素后，得出了蔬菜和水果食用量后续三分位数的多变量相对风险（RR）。对于蔬菜而言，对所有上皮性癌症均存在一致的保护模式，上三分位数的RR范围从食管、肝脏和喉的0.2到乳腺的0.7。除胆囊癌外，所有癌症的风险趋势均朝同一方向且具有显著性。相比之下，高蔬菜摄入量对非上皮性淋巴肿瘤没有保护作用。关于水果，对上消化道和呼吸道癌症观察到强烈的负相关关系，口腔和咽部、食管和喉的上三分位数相对于最低三分位数的RR在0.2至0.3之间。肿瘤在消化道中的位置越低，所提供的保护似乎越弱。对肝脏、胰腺、前列腺和泌尿系统部位观察到显著的负相关关系，但对直肠、乳腺和女性生殖系统癌症或甲状腺则未观察到。淋巴瘤和骨髓瘤未显示出相关性。即使没有明确的生物学解释，所观察到的模式的一致性和强度表明，在该人群中，频繁摄入绿色蔬菜与几种常见上皮性癌症的风险大幅降低相关，而水果摄入具有有益作用，尤其是对上消化道癌症，可能对泌尿系统肿瘤也有作用。
