Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
BMC Infect Dis. 2010 Apr 22;10:101. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-101.
Increasing resistance to quinolones and ceftriaxone in non typhoidal Salmonellae is a global concern. Resistance to quinolone and 3rd generation cephalosporin amongst non typhoidal Salmonellae (NTS) from Pakistan has been reported in this study.
Retrospective analysis of laboratory data was conducted (1990-2006). NTS were isolated and identified from clinical samples using standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby Bauer. Extended spectrum beta lactamase production (ESBL) was detected using combined disc method. Ciprofloxacin sensitivity was detected by nalidixic acid screening method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ciprofloxacin was determined by agar dilution method. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 13.
Analysis of 1967 NTS isolates showed a significant increase in ciprofloxacin resistance from 23% in 2002 to 50.5% in 2006, with increased mean MIC values from 0.6 to 1.3 ug/mL. Ceftriaxone resistant NTS also increased and ESBL production was seen in 98.7% isolates. These isolates exhibited high resistance against amoxicillin clavulanic acid (57%), gentamicin (69%), amikacin (44%) and piperacillin tazobactam (30%). No resistance to carbapenem was seen. Ceftriaxone resistance was significantly higher in children <1 year, in invasive isolates and in Salmonella Typhimurium.
Increase in quinolone and ceftriaxone NTS is a serious threat to public health requiring continuous surveillance and use of appropriate screening tests for laboratory detection.
非伤寒沙门氏菌对喹诺酮类和头孢曲松的耐药性日益增强，这是一个全球性的问题。本研究报告了巴基斯坦非伤寒沙门氏菌（NTS）对喹诺酮类和第三代头孢菌素的耐药性。
对实验室数据进行回顾性分析（1990-2006 年）。使用标准微生物技术从临床标本中分离和鉴定 NTS。采用 Kirby Bauer 法进行抗菌药物敏感性试验。采用联合纸片法检测超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的产生。采用萘啶酸筛选法检测环丙沙星敏感性。采用琼脂稀释法测定环丙沙星最小抑菌浓度（MIC）。使用 SPSS 版本 13 进行统计分析。
对 1967 株 NTS 分离株的分析显示，环丙沙星耐药率从 2002 年的 23%显著增加到 2006 年的 50.5%，平均 MIC 值从 0.6 增加到 1.3 ug/mL。头孢曲松耐药 NTS 也有所增加，98.7%的分离株产生 ESBL。这些分离株对阿莫西林克拉维酸（57%）、庆大霉素（69%）、阿米卡星（44%）和哌拉西林他唑巴坦（30%）表现出高度耐药。未发现对碳青霉烯类药物的耐药性。头孢曲松耐药性在<1 岁儿童、侵袭性分离株和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌中显著更高。
喹诺酮类和头孢曲松 NTS 的增加对公共健康构成严重威胁，需要持续监测并使用适当的筛选试验进行实验室检测。
