Royal Marsden Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
Oral Oncol. 2010 Jun;46(6):439-41. doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.03.005. Epub 2010 Apr 20.
Radiotherapy and surgery are the principal curative modalities in treatment of head and neck cancer. Conventional (two dimensional, 2D and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, 3DCRT) result in significant side-effects and altered quality of life. Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) can spare the normal tissues, while delivering a curative dose to the tumour bearing tissues. Technical advances like volumetric intensity modulated arc therapy (VMAT) have helped optimise IMRT further. Image guided radiotherapy (IGRT) can be used to aid target delineation and also help reduce the PTV margins to further enhance the therapeutic ratio. Particle therapy using protons provides significant advantage in terms of normal tissue sparing and is recommended for small cranial tumours and in radiotherapy for paediatric patients.
放射治疗和手术是头颈部癌症治疗的主要方法。传统的（二维、三维适形放疗、3DCRT）会导致严重的副作用和生活质量改变。调强放疗（IMRT）可以保护正常组织，同时向肿瘤靶区提供足够的治疗剂量。像容积调强弧形治疗（VMAT）这样的技术进步进一步优化了调强放疗。图像引导放疗（IGRT）可用于辅助靶区勾画，还可以帮助进一步缩小 PTV 边缘，以提高治疗比。质子粒子治疗在保护正常组织方面具有显著优势，推荐用于小的颅肿瘤和儿科患者的放疗。
