University of Aberdeen, Trace Element Speciation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, Scotland, U.K.
Environ Sci Technol. 2010 May 15;44(10):3972-8. doi: 10.1021/es903667y.
The most common routes of arsenic exposure are ingestion and inhalation, whereas dermal uptake has been considered as a minor uptake route based on uptake experiments with arsenate. Here the kinetics of arsenite, dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)) and arsenosugar penetration through full thick human skin (from one volunteer) was determined using a Franz Cell design and compared to that of arsenate. The accumulation in the epidermis and dermis was performed by using laser ablation ICP-MS as a bioimaging method, and the biotransformation reactions through the uptake experiment were monitored by hyphenated elemental mass spectrometry. The penetration and accumulation of arsenic is strongly dependent on its speciation. While arsenosugars penetrated through the unbroken skin at a similar rate as arsenate, arsenite and DMA(V) were taken up percutaneously at a rate which was more than a factor of 29 and 59 higher than that of arsenate. The dermal uptake route of arsenic has been underestimated in risk assessments where exposure to arsenite or DMA(V) would occur. The accumulation potential of arsenosugars and DMA(V) was however minimal, whereas arsenate and arsenite accumulated in the epidermis and in the dermis. No significant species transformations were observed.
砷暴露的最常见途径是摄入和吸入，而基于砷酸盐的摄取实验，皮肤摄取被认为是次要的摄取途径。在这里，使用 Franz 细胞设计确定了亚砷酸盐、二甲基砷酸（DMA(V)）和砷糖通过完整的人体皮肤（来自一个志愿者）的渗透动力学，并将其与砷酸盐进行了比较。使用激光烧蚀 ICP-MS 作为生物成像方法进行表皮和真皮中的积累，通过吸收实验监测通过的生物转化反应。砷的渗透和积累强烈依赖于其形态。虽然砷糖与砷酸盐以相似的速度穿透完整的皮肤，但亚砷酸盐和 DMA(V)的经皮吸收速度比砷酸盐高 29 倍以上。在风险评估中，砷的皮肤摄取途径被低估了，因为在这种情况下会接触到亚砷酸盐或 DMA(V)。然而，砷糖和 DMA(V)的积累潜力很小，而砷酸盐和亚砷酸盐则在表皮和真皮中积累。没有观察到明显的物种转化。
