Petroleum Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2010 Jul;87(3):1109-18. doi: 10.1007/s00253-010-2596-1. Epub 2010 May 2.
Although sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), such as Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough (DvH) are often eradicated in oil and gas operations with biocides, such as glutaraldehyde (Glut), tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate (THPS), and benzalkonium chloride (BAC), their response to these agents is not well known. Whole genome microarrays of D. vulgaris treated with biocides well below the minimum inhibitory concentration showed that 256, 96, and 198 genes were responsive to Glut, THPS, and BAC, respectively, and that these three commonly used biocides affect the physiology of the cell quite differently. Glut induces expression of genes required to degrade or refold proteins inactivated by either chemical modification or heat shock, whereas BAC appears to target ribosomal structure. THPS appears to primarily affect energy metabolism of SRB. Mutants constructed for genes strongly up-regulated by Glut, were killed by Glut to a similar degree as the wild type. Hence, it is difficult to achieve increased sensitivity to this biocide by single gene mutations, because Glut affects so many targets. Our results increase understanding of the biocide's mode of action, allowing a more intelligent combination of mechanistically different agents. This can reduce stress on budgets for chemicals and on the environment.
尽管硫酸盐还原菌（SRB），如脱硫弧菌（DvH），在石油和天然气作业中经常被杀菌剂（如戊二醛（Glut）、四羟甲基硫酸磷（THPS）和苯扎氯铵（BAC））消灭，但人们对它们对这些药剂的反应还不是很清楚。低于最低抑菌浓度的杀菌剂处理的脱硫弧菌的全基因组微阵列显示，Glut、THPS 和 BAC 分别使 256、96 和 198 个基因有反应，这三种常用的杀菌剂对细胞的生理影响非常不同。Glut 诱导表达基因，这些基因需要降解或重折叠因化学修饰或热休克而失活的蛋白质，而 BAC 似乎靶向核糖体结构。THPS 似乎主要影响 SRB 的能量代谢。在 Glut 强烈上调的基因上构建的突变体，被 Glut 杀死的程度与野生型相似。因此，由于 Glut 影响如此多的靶标，通过单个基因突变很难提高对这种杀菌剂的敏感性。我们的研究结果增加了对杀菌剂作用模式的理解，从而可以更智能地组合具有不同作用机制的药剂。这可以减少对化学品预算和环境的压力。
