Behavioural Science Institute, Nijmegen 6525 HR, The Netherlands.
Psychol Health. 2010 Oct;25(8):999-1021. doi: 10.1080/08870440903477204.
In this study, we tested to what extent smoking-specific parenting and changes in parenting are related to adolescents' smoking trajectories. Data were used from a four-wave prospective study including 428 adolescents (aged M = 15.2; SD = 0.60). Latent Class Growth Analyses were conducted to identify trajectories. Multinomial Logistic Regression Analyses were executed to examine the relations between parenting and class membership. Longitudinal cross-lagged models were tested to examine causal predominance between parenting and smoking. Four trajectories were found, consisting of Non-smokers, Increasers, Stable smokers and Decreasers. Quality of parental smoking-specific communication was strongly related to the membership in different trajectories. Along with the cross-lagged associations demonstrating that the quality of communication was predominantly related to future smoking rather than vice versa, these findings indicate that parents who talked about smoking in a constructive and respectful manner were more likely to have non-smoking children. In contrast, parents who talked often about smoking-related issues and increased these discussions over time were more likely to have smoking children; cross-lagged associations indicated that these findings could be best explained by children changing their parents. Having a non-smoking agreement was related to a lower risk in becoming a regular smoker.
在这项研究中，我们测试了吸烟特定的父母教养方式和父母教养方式的变化与青少年吸烟轨迹之间的关系程度。本研究使用了一项包括 428 名青少年（平均年龄为 15.2 岁；标准差=0.60）的四波前瞻性研究的数据。采用潜在类别增长分析来识别轨迹。执行多项逻辑回归分析来检验父母教养与类别成员之间的关系。测试了纵向交叉滞后模型，以检验父母教养和吸烟之间的因果优势。发现了四个轨迹，包括非吸烟者、增加者、稳定吸烟者和减少者。父母吸烟特定沟通的质量与不同轨迹的成员关系密切。与交叉滞后关联表明，沟通的质量主要与未来的吸烟有关，而不是相反，这些发现表明，以建设性和尊重的方式谈论吸烟的父母更有可能拥有不吸烟的孩子。相比之下，经常谈论与吸烟有关的问题并随着时间的推移增加这些讨论的父母更有可能有吸烟的孩子；交叉滞后关联表明，这些发现可以最好地解释为孩子改变了他们的父母。达成不吸烟协议与成为常规吸烟者的风险降低有关。
