University of Toronto.
Int J Health Serv. 2010;40(2):255-67. doi: 10.2190/HS.40.2.f.
The authors selected nine case studies, one country from each cluster of their labor market inequalities typology, to outline the macro-political and economic roots of employment relations and their impacts on health. These countries illustrate variations in labor markets and health, categorized into a global empirical typology. The case studies illustrated that workers' health is significantly connected with labor market characteristics and the welfare system. For a core country, the labor market is characterized by a formal sector. The labor institutions of Sweden traditionally have high union density and collective bargaining coverage and a universal health care system, which correlate closely with positive health, in comparison with Spain and the United States. For a semi-periphery country, the labor market is delineated by a growing informal economy. Although South Korea, Venezuela, and El Salvador provide some social welfare benefits, a high proportion of irregular and informal workers are excluded from these benefits and experience hazardous working conditions that adversely affect their health. Lastly, several countries in the global periphery--China, Nigeria, and Haiti--represent informal work and severe labor market insecurity. In the absence of labor market regulations, the majority of their workers toil in the informal sector in unsafe conditions with inadequate health care.
作者选择了九个案例研究，每个案例研究来自其劳动力市场不平等类型学的一个国家，以概述就业关系的宏观政治和经济根源及其对健康的影响。这些国家说明了劳动力市场和健康的差异，这些差异被归类为全球经验类型学。案例研究表明，工人的健康与劳动力市场特征和福利制度密切相关。对于核心国家，劳动力市场的特点是正规部门。瑞典的劳动力机构历来具有较高的工会密度和集体谈判覆盖率以及全民医疗保健系统，与西班牙和美国相比，这与积极的健康密切相关。对于半外围国家，劳动力市场由不断增长的非正规经济划定。尽管韩国、委内瑞拉和萨尔瓦多提供了一些社会福利，但很大一部分非正规和非正规工人被排除在这些福利之外，工作条件危险，对他们的健康产生不利影响。最后，全球外围地区的几个国家——中国、尼日利亚和海地——代表了非正规工作和严重的劳动力市场不安全。由于缺乏劳动力市场法规，他们的大多数工人在不安全的条件下在非正规部门工作，医疗保健不足。
