Social Policy and Prevention Research Department, Centre for Addictions and Mental Health, Toronto.
Int J Health Serv. 2010;40(2):309-14. doi: 10.2190/HS.40.2.j.
As in many other areas of social determinants of health, policy recommendations on employment conditions and health inequalities need to be implemented and evaluated. Case studies at the country level can provide a flavor of "what works," but they remain essentially subjective. Employment conditions research should provide policies that actually reduce health inequalities among workers. Workplace trials showing some desired effect on the intervention group are insufficient for such a broad policy research area. To provide a positive heuristic, the authors propose a set of new policy research priorities, including placing more focus on "solving" and less on"problematizing" the health effects of employment conditions; developing policy-oriented theoretical frameworks to reduce employment-related inequalities in health; developing research on methods to test the effects of labor market policies; generalizing labor market interventions; engaging, reaching out to, and holding onto workers exposed to multiple forms of unhealthy employment conditions; measuring labor market inequalities in health; planning, early on, for sustainability in labor market interventions; studying intersectoral effects across multiple interventions to reduce health inequalities; and looking for evidence in a global context.
与健康的社会决定因素的许多其他领域一样，关于就业条件和健康不平等的政策建议需要得到实施和评估。国家层面的案例研究可以提供“什么有效”的线索，但它们本质上是主观的。就业条件研究应该为减少工人之间健康不平等的政策提供依据。在干预组中显示出某些预期效果的工作场所试验对于这样一个广泛的政策研究领域来说是不够的。为了提供一个积极的启发，作者提出了一系列新的政策研究重点，包括更加关注“解决”而不是“问题化”就业条件对健康的影响；制定以政策为导向的理论框架，以减少与就业相关的健康不平等；研究检验劳动力市场政策效果的方法；推广劳动力市场干预措施；吸引、接触和留住遭受多种不健康就业条件影响的工人；衡量劳动力市场中的健康不平等；提前规划劳动力市场干预的可持续性；研究跨多个干预措施减少健康不平等的跨部门影响；并在全球背景下寻找证据。
