Govindaraj Jayamathi, Emmadi Pamela, Rajaram Vijayalakshmi, Prakash Geetha, Puvanakrishnan Rengarajulu
Department of Biochemistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Alapakkam Main Road, Maduravoyal, Chennai 600 095, India.
Indian J Exp Biol. 2010 Feb;48(2):133-42.
The pathogenesis of periodontitis involves anaerobic oral bacteria as well as the host response to infection and several drugs have been developed which can curtail these deleterious effects. Proanthocyanidin, a novel flavanoid extracted from grape seeds, has been shown to provide a significant therapeutic effect on endotoxin (Escherichia coli) induced experimental periodontitis in rats. In this study, protective action of different doses of proanthocyanidins was investigated in blood by assaying the reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, myeloperoxidase and lipid peroxides, lysosomal enzyme activities such as cathepsin B, cathepsin D, beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase, nonenzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, ceruloplasmin, reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-s-transferase. Experimental periodontitis rats showed a reduction in body weight and body weight gain could be noticed when they were administered proanthocyanidins. The levels of reactive oxygen species and lysosomal enzymes were found to increase whereas antioxidant levels were decreased significantly in experimental periodontitis. Proanthocyanidins at an effective dose of 30 mg/kg body weight, sc, for 30 days effected a decrease in serum reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxides, lysosomal enzymes, acute phase proteins and an increase in antioxidant levels. Histopathological evidence of experimental periodontitis showed cellular infiltration of inflammatory cells while proanthocyanidin treated groups demonstrated only scattered inflammatory cells and blood vessels. Thus, the results showed that dietary supplementation of proanthocyanidin enhanced the host resistance as well as the inhibition of the biological and mechanical irritants involved in the onset of gingivitis and the progression of periodontal disease.
牙周炎的发病机制涉及口腔厌氧菌以及宿主对感染的反应，并且已经研发出了几种能够减少这些有害影响的药物。原花青素是一种从葡萄籽中提取的新型类黄酮，已被证明对大肠杆菌内毒素诱导的大鼠实验性牙周炎具有显著的治疗作用。在本研究中，通过检测活性氧（如过氧化氢、超氧阴离子、髓过氧化物酶和脂质过氧化物）、溶酶体酶活性（如组织蛋白酶B、组织蛋白酶D、β-葡萄糖醛酸酶和酸性磷酸酶）、非酶抗氧化剂（如抗坏血酸、α-生育酚、铜蓝蛋白、还原型谷胱甘肽）以及抗氧化酶（如过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶），研究了不同剂量原花青素在血液中的保护作用。实验性牙周炎大鼠体重减轻，给予原花青素后可观察到体重增加。在实验性牙周炎中，发现活性氧和溶酶体酶水平升高，而抗氧化剂水平显著降低。有效剂量为30mg/kg体重、皮下注射、持续30天的原花青素可使血清活性氧、脂质过氧化物、溶酶体酶、急性期蛋白水平降低，抗氧化剂水平升高。实验性牙周炎的组织病理学证据显示有炎症细胞的细胞浸润，而原花青素治疗组仅显示散在的炎症细胞和血管。因此，结果表明，饮食中补充原花青素可增强宿主抵抗力，并抑制参与牙龈炎发作和牙周疾病进展的生物和机械刺激物。
