Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
Allergy. 2010 Nov;65(11):1430-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02381.x.
Staphylococcus aureus has been associated with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) pathogenesis but its role is still controversially discussed. Here, we demonstrate S. aureus detection in the mucosa of CRSwNP. In addition, intracellular residency of S. aureus in nasal polyp epithelial cells (NPECs) and its capability to induce TH-2 cytokines were analyzed in vitro.
Staphylococcus aureus detection in CRSwNP (n = 25), CRS without polyps (CRSsNP, n = 5), and turbinate mucosa (TM, n = 10) was performed by peptide nucleic acid-fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA-FISH) and microbial cultivation from tissue biopsies. Intracellular residency was examined by intracellular persistence assay and electron microscopy. IL-6 and IL-13 responses to S. aureus infection and supernatants were quantified by ELISA.
Peptide nucleic acid-fluorescence in situ hybridization positive bacterial cells were significantly increased in the epithelium of CRSwNP (17/25) compared to CRSsNP (0/5) and TM (1/10). Good concordance of PNA-FISH results and S. aureus cultivation was found applying Cohen's κ for CRSwNP (κ = 0.841) and TM (κ = 1.0). Intracellular persistence assay with S. aureus strain Newman and its corresponding small-colony variant mutant strain III33 demonstrated intracellular survival and replication of S. aureus within NPECs. Both S. aureus strains significantly induced IL-6 but not IL-13 in infected NPECs and in NPECs challenged with corresponding staphylococcal supernatants.
Invasion of the epithelium by S. aureus was a phenomenon seen predominantly in CRSwNP. Regardless of an intra- or extracellular localization in the epithelium, S. aureus is capable to induce IL-6 synthesis in vitro and thus may contribute to the TH-2 cytokine pattern in CRSwNP.
金黄色葡萄球菌与慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉（CRSwNP）的发病机制有关，但它的作用仍存在争议。在这里，我们证明了金黄色葡萄球菌在 CRSwNP 黏膜中的检测。此外，我们还分析了金黄色葡萄球菌在鼻息肉上皮细胞（NPECs）中的细胞内居留能力及其诱导 TH-2 细胞因子的能力。
通过肽核酸-荧光原位杂交（PNA-FISH）和组织活检的微生物培养，对 25 例 CRSwNP、5 例无息肉的 CRS（CRSsNP）和 10 例鼻甲黏膜（TM）中的金黄色葡萄球菌进行检测。通过细胞内持续存在试验和电子显微镜检查细胞内居留情况。通过 ELISA 定量测定金黄色葡萄球菌感染和上清液的 IL-6 和 IL-13 反应。
与 CRSsNP（0/5）和 TM（1/10）相比，金黄色葡萄球菌 PNA-FISH 阳性细菌细胞在 CRSwNP 的上皮中显著增加（17/25）。对 CRSwNP（κ=0.841）和 TM（κ=1.0）的 PNA-FISH 结果与金黄色葡萄球菌培养的一致性良好。金黄色葡萄球菌菌株 Newman 及其相应的小菌落变异株 III33 的细胞内持续存在试验表明，金黄色葡萄球菌在 NPECs 内可以存活和复制。两种金黄色葡萄球菌菌株均能显著诱导感染的 NPECs 和受相应葡萄球菌上清液刺激的 NPECs 中产生 IL-6，但不能诱导 IL-13。
金黄色葡萄球菌对上皮的侵袭主要发生在 CRSwNP 中。无论在上皮细胞内还是细胞外定位，金黄色葡萄球菌都能够在体外诱导 IL-6 的合成，因此可能有助于 CRSwNP 中的 TH-2 细胞因子模式。
